{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293550272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","title":"\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a)","display_name":"\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293550272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","pdf_url":"https://spu.sharjah.ac.ae/index.php/JLS/article/download/3943/998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216500","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2616-6526","issn":["2616-6526","2616-6534"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","host_organization_name":"University of Sharjah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://spu.sharjah.ac.ae/index.php/JLS/article/download/3943/998","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098947922","display_name":"\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098947922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56371144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"603","last_page":"633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lotteries","display_name":"lotteries","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-elections","display_name":"parliamentary elections","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectarianism","display_name":"sectarianism","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-sectarianism","display_name":"religious sectarianism","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representative-democracy","display_name":"representative democracy","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-representation","display_name":"political representation","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2743815779685974}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","pdf_url":"https://spu.sharjah.ac.ae/index.php/JLS/article/download/3943/998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216500","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2616-6526","issn":["2616-6526","2616-6534"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","host_organization_name":"University of Sharjah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36394/jls.v16.i2.22","pdf_url":"https://spu.sharjah.ac.ae/index.php/JLS/article/download/3943/998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216500","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2616-6526","issn":["2616-6526","2616-6534"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","host_organization_name":"University of Sharjah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293550272.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293550272.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11204346","https://openalex.org/W114787251","https://openalex.org/W565158653","https://openalex.org/W571315111","https://openalex.org/W1491335161","https://openalex.org/W1517531336","https://openalex.org/W1972517396","https://openalex.org/W1989560639","https://openalex.org/W1990424620","https://openalex.org/W2048226528","https://openalex.org/W2048991935","https://openalex.org/W2066239426","https://openalex.org/W2101889601","https://openalex.org/W2123705268","https://openalex.org/W2130654918","https://openalex.org/W2148442195","https://openalex.org/W2626831622","https://openalex.org/W2972817050","https://openalex.org/W3125714960","https://openalex.org/W3176720618","https://openalex.org/W3212960831","https://openalex.org/W4236211878","https://openalex.org/W4236335686","https://openalex.org/W4246864588","https://openalex.org/W4250436199","https://openalex.org/W4298696204","https://openalex.org/W4387481943","https://openalex.org/W4388213467","https://openalex.org/W4388257962","https://openalex.org/W6888694460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399181027","https://openalex.org/W4415115938","https://openalex.org/W2188724049","https://openalex.org/W2783981856","https://openalex.org/W7169597138","https://openalex.org/W7168062217","https://openalex.org/W7039047830","https://openalex.org/W7020090352","https://openalex.org/W7204490939","https://openalex.org/W3159578798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0644\u0627":[0],"\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[2,145],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a":[3,146],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645":[5],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[6,34],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c":[8,64],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b":[9],"\u0644\u0645\u0627":[10],"\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[11],"\u0644\u0647":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[13,100],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629":[14,101],"\u062d\u0648\u0644":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.":[16],"\u0628\u0644":[17],"\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645":[18],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u060c":[20],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[21],"\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628":[22],"\u0639\u0646\u0647":[23],"\u0645\u0646":[24,55,92,110,127,163],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0635\u0629":[25],"\u0641\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629":[26],"\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c":[27],"\u0641\u064a":[28,39,43,94,112,158],"\u0646\u062d\u0631":[29],"\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c":[31],"\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642":[33],"\u0623\u064a\u0629":[35],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629":[36],"\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645":[38],"\u0639\u0645\u0644":[40],"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647":[41],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629...":[42],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[44],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c":[45],"\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f":[46],"\u0623\u0646":[47,74,148],"\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0646":[48],"\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0648":[49],"\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[52,82],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c":[53],"\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631":[57],"\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646":[59],"\u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a":[62],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639":[63],"\u062a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0627":[65],"\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629":[67,157],"\u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629":[68],"\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629":[69],"\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628":[71,154],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629...":[72],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[76],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[77,87,107,160],"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a":[78],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[79],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[80],"\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\"":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c":[83],"\u0625\u062b\u0631":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[86],"\u0623\u0644\u0645\u062a":[88],"\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c":[89],"\u062f\u0639\u062a":[90],"\u0639\u062f\u062f":[91],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646":[93,111],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[96,121],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[97],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[98,116,135,150],"\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645":[99,119],"\u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629":[102,124],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629.":[103],"\u0641\u0645\u0627":[104],"\u0647\u064a":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a":[106],"\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a":[108],"\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b":[109],"\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629":[115],"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629":[117],"\u0637\u0631\u062d":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a":[120],"\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629":[123],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629\u061f":[125],"\u0648\u0647\u0644":[126,143],"\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627":[128],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[129],"\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631":[130],"\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633":[132,137],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[133,155],"\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c":[134],"\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628":[136],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629":[138],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0628\u0629":[139],"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":[140,156],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a":[141],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f":[142],"\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646":[144],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a":[147],"\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644":[149],"\"\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\"":[151],"\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[152],"\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[159],"\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a":[161],"\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627":[162],"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a":[164],"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-08-30T00:00:00"}
