{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293545217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","title":"Electronic Transactions Against Virtual Money (Cryptocurrency) Stock Trading Special Criminal Law Perspective","display_name":"Electronic Transactions Against Virtual Money (Cryptocurrency) Stock Trading Special Criminal Law Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293545217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.52403/ijrr.20220864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227086","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","issn_l":"2349-9788","issn":["2349-9788","2454-2237"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323237698","host_organization_name":"Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323237698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083242304","display_name":"Arie Kartika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4304-5213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4304-5213","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5159-2163","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-0082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146508","display_name":"Medan Area University","ror":"https://ror.org/046581250","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arie Kartika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050181049","display_name":"Windi Sri Wahyuni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146508","display_name":"Medan Area University","ror":"https://ror.org/046581250","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Windi Sri Wahyuni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0908,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80805333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"766","last_page":"774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11876","display_name":"Legal Studies and Policies","score":0.21860000491142273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.07180000096559525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"cryptocurrency","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-currency","display_name":"virtual currency","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-trading","display_name":"stock trading","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-laundering","display_name":"money laundering","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-criminal-law","display_name":"special criminal law","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-no-7-of-2011-on-currency","display_name":"Law No. 7 of 2011 on Currency","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitcoin","display_name":"Bitcoin","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112083","display_name":"Virtual currency","level":3,"score":0.9146972894668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9124653339385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780005421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151900","display_name":"Money laundering","level":2,"score":0.7613909244537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.7222437262535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.6673054099082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164516710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166072","display_name":"Financial transaction","level":3,"score":0.6162042021751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.570407509803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122941539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Electronic money","level":3,"score":0.5583773255348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5252558588981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5132203102111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.49173715710639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.46385547518730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3502974510192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.31222420930862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3067551553249359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.284787118434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19706377387046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.18429547548294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.52403/ijrr.20220864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227086","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","issn_l":"2349-9788","issn":["2349-9788","2454-2237"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323237698","host_organization_name":"Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323237698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.52403/ijrr.20220864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227086","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","issn_l":"2349-9788","issn":["2349-9788","2454-2237"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323237698","host_organization_name":"Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323237698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293545217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293545217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621413971","https://openalex.org/W1563733474","https://openalex.org/W2888184289","https://openalex.org/W3134679323","https://openalex.org/W3171054261","https://openalex.org/W3197291093","https://openalex.org/W4213105854","https://openalex.org/W4362585625","https://openalex.org/W4402523687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392847025","https://openalex.org/W3134679323","https://openalex.org/W4376881156","https://openalex.org/W4396843557","https://openalex.org/W4392882276","https://openalex.org/W7218157017","https://openalex.org/W3125184717","https://openalex.org/W7029918378","https://openalex.org/W2914195430","https://openalex.org/W7216069987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"currency":[1,163],"was":[2],"designed":[3],"as":[4,87,162,168,226],"an":[5],"alternative":[6],"legal":[7,143],"tender,":[8],"originally":[9],"for":[10,249],"use":[11,130,238],"in":[12,34,47,101,115,118,134,155,158,175,181,189,203,209,217,242,255],"virtual":[13,24,45,66,79,112,131,152,200,222,239],"communities,":[14],"and":[15,29,49,120,228,288],"certain":[16,70],"online":[17],"gaming":[18],"sites.":[19],"The":[20,137,145],"number":[21,43],"of":[22,44,69,78,111,125,151,171,191,199,211,233,252,257,268,283,290],"such":[23,225],"currencies":[25,46],"is":[26,92,141,246],"constantly":[27],"growing":[28],"reaching":[30],"out":[31,122],"to":[32,86,107,186],"activities":[33],"the":[35,76,109,123,149,231,250,286],"real":[36],"world.":[37],"Currently":[38],"there":[39],"are":[40,205],"a":[41,94,169],"large":[42],"circulation":[48],"they":[50],"can":[51,82,98,183,214,275],"be":[52,84,99,184,187,215,276],"obtained":[53],"either":[54],"directly":[55],"(through":[56],"mining,":[57],"bilateral":[58],"transactions":[59],"with":[60,173],"investors,":[61],"from":[62],"companies":[63],"that":[64,148,273],"sell":[65],"currencies,":[67],"purchase":[68],"goods,":[71],"etc.)":[72],"or":[73,167],"indirectly":[74],"through":[75],"exchange":[77],"currencies.":[80],"Cryptocurrency":[81],"also":[83],"referred":[85],"unformed":[88],"commercial":[89],"objects;":[90],"it":[91],"actually":[93],"digital":[95],"form":[96],"which":[97,213,245],"used":[100,140,161,208],"electronic":[102],"transactions.":[103],"This":[104],"study":[105],"aims":[106],"analyze":[108],"existence":[110,150],"money":[113,126,132,201,223,234,240,291],"(cryptocurrency)":[114,133,154,202],"stock":[116,135,156,179,243],"trading":[117,157,166,180,244],"Indonesia":[119,159,204,218],"find":[121],"responsibility":[124,232],"laundering":[127,235],"perpetrators":[128,236,274],"who":[129,237,261],"trading.":[136],"research":[138],"method":[139],"normative":[142],"research.":[144],"results":[146],"showed":[147],"uag":[153],"when":[160],"unification,":[164],"transacting,":[165],"means":[170],"payment":[172],"businesses":[174],"this":[176],"case,":[177],"especially":[178,254],"Indonesia,":[182,253],"said":[185],"invalid":[188],"terms":[190,210,256],"its":[192],"use7":[193],"Of":[194],"2011":[195],"On":[196],"Currency.":[197],"Users":[198],"quite":[206],"widely":[207],"business,":[212],"seen":[216],"itself":[219],"already":[220],"circulating":[221],"(cryptocurrencies)":[224],"Bitcoin":[227],"Centcoin.":[229],"Then,":[230],"(Cryptocurrency)":[241],"very":[247],"negative":[248],"state":[251],"business":[258],"because":[259],"people":[260],"have":[262],"committed":[263],"these":[264],"crimes":[265],"take":[266],"advantage":[267],"technological":[269],"advances":[270],"unwisely":[271],"so":[272],"charged":[277],"based":[278],"on":[279,285],"law":[280],"no.":[281],"8":[282],"2010":[284],"prevention":[287],"eradication":[289],"laundering.":[292],"Keywords:":[293],"Stock":[294],"Trading,":[295],"Cryptocurrency,":[296],"Special":[297],"Crimes":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-08-30T00:00:00"}