{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293530458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","title":"A Beginner\u2019s Guide to the Characterization of Hydrogel Microarchitecture for Cellular Applications","display_name":"A Beginner\u2019s Guide to the Characterization of Hydrogel Microarchitecture for Cellular Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293530458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36135247","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9498492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels8090535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/9/535/pdf?version=1661507214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/9/535/pdf?version=1661507214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012376103","display_name":"Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-4864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-4864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-4864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087372257","display_name":"Tony Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-8886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-8886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-8886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059060490","display_name":"Alexander Hayn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-454X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-454X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125843","display_name":"University Hospital Leipzig","ror":"https://ror.org/028hv5492","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hayn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Infectiology Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-454X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Infectiology Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029509930","display_name":"Claudia Tanja Mierke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-335X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-335X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Tanja Mierke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-335X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linn\u00e9stra\u00dfe 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072324055","display_name":"Janette Kay Burgess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-9966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-9966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janette Kay Burgess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-9966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031487758","display_name":"Martin C. Harmsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-2741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-2741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Conrad Harmsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-2741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029509930","https://openalex.org/A5031487758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I169381384","https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"fwci":1.3365,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7865665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"535","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.11620000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.01979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix-mimics","display_name":"extracellular matrix mimics","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-size","display_name":"pore size","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-length","display_name":"fiber length","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-topology","display_name":"surface topology","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-bioprinting","display_name":"3D bioprinting","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-culture-platform","display_name":"cell culture platform","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.9025859832763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6307088732719421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.580184817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.5750446319580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5429901480674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.502321720123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49892992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285","display_name":"Tissue engineering","level":2,"score":0.4951137602329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4858214855194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.424299955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28375232219696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11046570539474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09729805588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0805978775024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels8090535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/9/535/pdf?version=1661507214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9498492","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9498492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36135247","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36135247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/fcb4bf46-7306-4524-9878-f188c8881730","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/fcb4bf46-7306-4524-9878-f188c8881730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Martinez-Garcia, F D, Fischer, T, Hayn, A, Mierke, C T, Burgess, J K & Harmsen, M C 2022, 'A Beginner\u2019s Guide to the Characterization of Hydrogel Microarchitecture for Cellular Applications', Gels, vol. 8, no. 9, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c81015975f14ec4a84ed1b323a806e7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c81015975f14ec4a84ed1b323a806e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gels, Vol 8, Iss 9, p 535 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:88425","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A88425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196435","display_name":"Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3132420320","host_organization_name":"SLUB Dresden","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132420320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/fcb4bf46-7306-4524-9878-f188c8881730","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/fcb4bf46-7306-4524-9878-f188c8881730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gels, 8(9):535. MDPI AG","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels8090535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/9/535/pdf?version=1661507214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2768788299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CVU 695528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5229627641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5617841369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316582","funder_display_name":"Jan Kornelis de Cock Stichting"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6575905552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CVU 695528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316582","funder_display_name":"Jan Kornelis de Cock Stichting"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8927602979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CVU 695528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316301","funder_display_name":"Stichting De Cock-Hadders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G92191823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316301","funder_display_name":"Stichting De Cock-Hadders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316301","display_name":"Stichting De Cock-Hadders","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316582","display_name":"Jan Kornelis de Cock Stichting","ror":"https://ror.org/00qfb4074"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320933","display_name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323105","display_name":"Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293530458.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293530458.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65485670","https://openalex.org/W570691089","https://openalex.org/W1537317455","https://openalex.org/W1576107635","https://openalex.org/W1770522054","https://openalex.org/W1799226250","https://openalex.org/W1865996510","https://openalex.org/W1965851112","https://openalex.org/W1971370404","https://openalex.org/W1971517673","https://openalex.org/W1972509326","https://openalex.org/W1972818504","https://openalex.org/W1976051330","https://openalex.org/W1976212754","https://openalex.org/W1976842528","https://openalex.org/W1979462929","https://openalex.org/W1979968811","https://openalex.org/W1984711580","https://openalex.org/W1985125812","https://openalex.org/W1985491904","https://openalex.org/W1988447859","https://openalex.org/W1989727548","https://openalex.org/W1990165487","https://openalex.org/W1990786829","https://openalex.org/W1993680967","https://openalex.org/W1993811771","https://openalex.org/W1998969690","https://openalex.org/W2001391564","https://openalex.org/W2002778249","https://openalex.org/W2004354056","https://openalex.org/W2006469915","https://openalex.org/W2006862333","https://openalex.org/W2011380505","https://openalex.org/W2014263111","https://openalex.org/W2020009917","https://openalex.org/W2020637018","https://openalex.org/W2021550972","https://openalex.org/W2021596071","https://openalex.org/W2022881666","https://openalex.org/W2023285721","https://openalex.org/W2024306244","https://openalex.org/W2024366939","https://openalex.org/W2026406517","https://openalex.org/W2027725584","https://openalex.org/W2028940632","https://openalex.org/W2029378715","https://openalex.org/W2029583538","https://openalex.org/W2031440494","https://openalex.org/W2040507053","https://openalex.org/W2042654987","https://openalex.org/W2042709468","https://openalex.org/W2043570602","https://openalex.org/W2045295282","https://openalex.org/W2049322220","https://openalex.org/W2050018883","https://openalex.org/W2054756968","https://openalex.org/W2055478686","https://openalex.org/W2056318812","https://openalex.org/W2064769928","https://openalex.org/W2065715213","https://openalex.org/W2065739747","https://openalex.org/W2066749771","https://openalex.org/W2073588918","https://openalex.org/W2076284448","https://openalex.org/W2080128370","https://openalex.org/W2080230730","https://openalex.org/W2083448735","https://openalex.org/W2086310075","https://openalex.org/W2086708236","https://openalex.org/W2088773289","https://openalex.org/W2088959267","https://openalex.org/W2091107068","https://openalex.org/W2093192991","https://openalex.org/W2096686610","https://openalex.org/W2097959420","https://openalex.org/W2099052265","https://openalex.org/W2103049535","https://openalex.org/W2112587095","https://openalex.org/W2124827489","https://openalex.org/W2133657975","https://openalex.org/W2137044802","https://openalex.org/W2140966992","https://openalex.org/W2142583892","https://openalex.org/W2148051297","https://openalex.org/W2152394091","https://openalex.org/W2154851379","https://openalex.org/W2154904100","https://openalex.org/W2159210886","https://openalex.org/W2159591750","https://openalex.org/W2161803131","https://openalex.org/W2161824899","https://openalex.org/W2163184722","https://openalex.org/W2167460696","https://openalex.org/W2169783291","https://openalex.org/W2170515999","https://openalex.org/W2171283890","https://openalex.org/W2180003376","https://openalex.org/W2215589249","https://openalex.org/W2226771639","https://openalex.org/W2270498673","https://openalex.org/W2299816417","https://openalex.org/W2301845707","https://openalex.org/W2304643177","https://openalex.org/W2324325175","https://openalex.org/W2331628193","https://openalex.org/W2344920256","https://openalex.org/W2348656062","https://openalex.org/W2403070556","https://openalex.org/W2418185590","https://openalex.org/W2472050685","https://openalex.org/W2502401296","https://openalex.org/W2531710393","https://openalex.org/W2587040227","https://openalex.org/W2588277464","https://openalex.org/W2596787754","https://openalex.org/W2616395902","https://openalex.org/W2739024881","https://openalex.org/W2755114416","https://openalex.org/W2765981651","https://openalex.org/W2779484074","https://openalex.org/W2790840495","https://openalex.org/W2793827094","https://openalex.org/W2794091348","https://openalex.org/W2808231476","https://openalex.org/W2839646944","https://openalex.org/W2883462871","https://openalex.org/W2894102954","https://openalex.org/W2895293517","https://openalex.org/W2897859297","https://openalex.org/W2901406952","https://openalex.org/W2910738082","https://openalex.org/W2910980393","https://openalex.org/W2915920386","https://openalex.org/W2916768553","https://openalex.org/W2944822442","https://openalex.org/W2948214081","https://openalex.org/W2980081731","https://openalex.org/W2980131068","https://openalex.org/W2985498750","https://openalex.org/W2986025973","https://openalex.org/W3005768133","https://openalex.org/W3009500857","https://openalex.org/W3009573891","https://openalex.org/W3009670898","https://openalex.org/W3030855589","https://openalex.org/W3032315001","https://openalex.org/W3037434380","https://openalex.org/W3039614254","https://openalex.org/W3081163805","https://openalex.org/W3082908967","https://openalex.org/W3089366100","https://openalex.org/W3091314544","https://openalex.org/W3094682275","https://openalex.org/W3105363625","https://openalex.org/W3111607063","https://openalex.org/W3122741790","https://openalex.org/W3137764289","https://openalex.org/W3150248096","https://openalex.org/W3154505937","https://openalex.org/W3164498109","https://openalex.org/W3168156319","https://openalex.org/W3199831511","https://openalex.org/W3200850645","https://openalex.org/W3205268878","https://openalex.org/W3212128483","https://openalex.org/W4200013025","https://openalex.org/W4205489175","https://openalex.org/W4249336316","https://openalex.org/W4251672927","https://openalex.org/W4281974086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110903371","https://openalex.org/W4413432885","https://openalex.org/W4409410786","https://openalex.org/W4308153297","https://openalex.org/W2344920256","https://openalex.org/W1977742991","https://openalex.org/W2594759203","https://openalex.org/W1972509326","https://openalex.org/W7220571959","https://openalex.org/W4297583050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,82,169,182],"extracellular":[1],"matrix":[2],"(ECM)":[3],"is":[4,19],"a":[5,20,148],"three-dimensional,":[6],"acellular":[7],"scaffold":[8],"of":[9,22,45,53,66,85,142,151,155,173,191],"living":[10,61],"tissues.":[11,62],"Incorporating":[12],"the":[13,33,51,134,140,152,160],"ECM":[14],"into":[15],"cell":[16,23,80,106,124,201],"culture":[17,125],"models":[18],"goal":[21],"biology":[24],"studies":[25],"and":[26,75,90,158,166,171,178,205],"requires":[27,88],"biocompatible":[28],"materials":[29,37],"that":[30,42],"can":[31,59,78],"mimic":[32],"ECM.":[34],"Among":[35],"such":[36,68,103],"are":[38,176,180],"hydrogels:":[39],"polymeric":[40],"networks":[41,58],"derive":[43],"most":[44,94,135],"their":[46,54,114],"mass":[47],"from":[48,164],"water.":[49],"With":[50],"tuning":[52],"properties,":[55],"these":[56,86],"polymer":[57],"resemble":[60],"microarchitectural":[64],"properties":[65],"hydrogels,":[67],"as":[69,104,198],"porosity,":[70],"pore":[71],"size,":[72],"fiber":[73],"length,":[74],"surface":[76],"topology":[77],"determine":[79],"plasticity.":[81],"adequate":[83],"characterization":[84,141],"parameters":[87],"reliable":[89],"reproducible":[91],"methods.":[92],"However,":[93],"methods":[95],"were":[96],"historically":[97],"standardized":[98],"using":[99],"other":[100,206],"biological":[101],"specimens,":[102],"2D":[105],"cultures,":[107],"biopsies,":[108],"or":[109],"even":[110],"animal":[111],"models.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"translation":[115],"comes":[116],"with":[117],"technical":[118],"limitations":[119,172],"when":[120],"applied":[121],"to":[122,193],"hydrogel-based":[123,209],"systems.":[126],"In":[127],"our":[128,186],"current":[129,187],"work,":[130],"we":[131],"have":[132],"reviewed":[133],"common":[136],"techniques":[137],"employed":[138],"in":[139,185],"hydrogel":[143],"microarchitectures.":[144],"Our":[145],"review":[146],"provides":[147],"concise":[149],"description":[150],"underlying":[153],"principles":[154],"each":[156,174],"method":[157],"summarizes":[159],"collective":[161],"data":[162],"obtained":[163],"cell-free":[165],"cell-loaded":[167],"hydrogels.":[168],"advantages":[170],"technique":[175],"discussed,":[177],"comparisons":[179],"made.":[181],"information":[183],"presented":[184],"work":[188],"will":[189],"be":[190],"interest":[192],"researchers":[194],"who":[195],"employ":[196],"hydrogels":[197],"platforms":[199],"for":[200],"culture,":[202],"3D":[203],"bioprinting,":[204],"fields":[207],"within":[208],"research.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-08-30T00:00:00"}
