{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293406960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","title":"Clostridioides difficile spore: coat assembly and formation","display_name":"Clostridioides difficile spore: coat assembly and formation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293406960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36032037","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9542656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764760790","display_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","issn_l":"2222-1751","issn":["2222-1751"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747909","display_name":"Ji Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-3048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-3048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology","School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-3048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology","School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086559528","display_name":"Min Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School","Harvard Medical School","Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089373683","display_name":"Guo\u2010Bao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-5482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-5482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165225704","display_name":"Xizang Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042170a43","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128921","display_name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/037p24858","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Bao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education","Sun Yat-sen University","The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","Xizang Minzu University","Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-5482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xizang Minzu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089373683","https://openalex.org/A5100747909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713","https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I165225704","https://openalex.org/I4210128921"],"apc_list":{"value":2155,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2643},"apc_paid":{"value":2155,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2643},"fwci":0.4994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49184018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"2340","last_page":"2349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridioides-difficile","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spore-coat-assembly","display_name":"spore coat assembly","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spore-coat-proteins","display_name":"spore coat proteins","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporulation-initiation","display_name":"sporulation initiation","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-regulation","display_name":"transcriptional regulation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporulation","display_name":"sporulation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-difficile-infection","display_name":"Clostridium difficile infection","score":0.9290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910067853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27438828","display_name":"Clostridioides","level":2,"score":0.7965766787528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174618031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177332","display_name":"Spore","level":2,"score":0.773505687713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6425829529762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5904231667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24990904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075144","display_name":"Obligate","level":2,"score":0.5671278834342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777817576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817674","display_name":"Coat","level":2,"score":0.44100192189216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994496256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27031090","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","level":3,"score":0.4165398180484772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.054282307624816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000082682","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001482","descriptor_name":"Base Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012336","descriptor_name":"RNA, Ribosomal, 16S","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013171","descriptor_name":"Spores, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764760790","display_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","issn_l":"2222-1751","issn":["2222-1751"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9542656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9542656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerg Microbes Infect","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36032037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36032037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging microbes & infections","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a30fd1d2fe714b809b2f0ef5a48530d5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a30fd1d2fe714b809b2f0ef5a48530d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Microbes and Infections, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 2340-2349 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2119168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764760790","display_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","issn_l":"2222-1751","issn":["2222-1751"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5131999893","display_name":"\u8d28\u7c92\u4ecb\u5bfc\u591a\u7c98\u83cc\u7d20\u8010\u836f\u65b0\u673a\u5236MCR-1\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u53ca\u6291\u5236\u5242\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"81830103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6003612996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82061128001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325030","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482099685","https://openalex.org/W1515163878","https://openalex.org/W1607746445","https://openalex.org/W1893251553","https://openalex.org/W1920839594","https://openalex.org/W1978693132","https://openalex.org/W1983669704","https://openalex.org/W2010470461","https://openalex.org/W2011299520","https://openalex.org/W2011508181","https://openalex.org/W2019603428","https://openalex.org/W2022381548","https://openalex.org/W2037510768","https://openalex.org/W2057141078","https://openalex.org/W2063214527","https://openalex.org/W2075809466","https://openalex.org/W2081959353","https://openalex.org/W2091290075","https://openalex.org/W2100004011","https://openalex.org/W2107151561","https://openalex.org/W2121013207","https://openalex.org/W2123641345","https://openalex.org/W2124716670","https://openalex.org/W2127923318","https://openalex.org/W2131426382","https://openalex.org/W2131847258","https://openalex.org/W2139520476","https://openalex.org/W2139929842","https://openalex.org/W2149948630","https://openalex.org/W2150064568","https://openalex.org/W2159102835","https://openalex.org/W2164862872","https://openalex.org/W2166686026","https://openalex.org/W2166705194","https://openalex.org/W2167166484","https://openalex.org/W2167672861","https://openalex.org/W2168546011","https://openalex.org/W2170276816","https://openalex.org/W2182683962","https://openalex.org/W2196307565","https://openalex.org/W2287474347","https://openalex.org/W2315396075","https://openalex.org/W2322386288","https://openalex.org/W2418042397","https://openalex.org/W2523311542","https://openalex.org/W2755185816","https://openalex.org/W2766806286","https://openalex.org/W2768987002","https://openalex.org/W2771567848","https://openalex.org/W2790011860","https://openalex.org/W2791326569","https://openalex.org/W2792237904","https://openalex.org/W2792737543","https://openalex.org/W2887762868","https://openalex.org/W2901180016","https://openalex.org/W2904487444","https://openalex.org/W2909485725","https://openalex.org/W2911779456","https://openalex.org/W2949908886","https://openalex.org/W2981523150","https://openalex.org/W3015060289","https://openalex.org/W3030281263","https://openalex.org/W3048705449","https://openalex.org/W3083852659","https://openalex.org/W3086663633","https://openalex.org/W3104376776","https://openalex.org/W3132870170","https://openalex.org/W3133553589","https://openalex.org/W3135216220","https://openalex.org/W3168248481","https://openalex.org/W3214040327","https://openalex.org/W3215599992","https://openalex.org/W4200443037","https://openalex.org/W4200523768","https://openalex.org/W4207045391","https://openalex.org/W4211054755","https://openalex.org/W4213101731","https://openalex.org/W4224493754","https://openalex.org/W4225986388","https://openalex.org/W4251404301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010470461","https://openalex.org/W3083852659","https://openalex.org/W2792737543","https://openalex.org/W4297543283","https://openalex.org/W2904487444","https://openalex.org/W3135216220","https://openalex.org/W2768987002","https://openalex.org/W2755185816","https://openalex.org/W2909485725","https://openalex.org/W2590028444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clostridioides":[0],"difficile":[1,13,106],"(C.":[2],"difficile)":[3],"is":[4,16,26,115],"a":[5,31,43,94,128],"Gram-positive,":[6],"spore-forming,":[7],"toxin-producing,":[8],"obligate":[9],"anaerobic":[10],"bacterium.":[11],"C.":[12,36,105,133],"infection":[14,25],"(CDI)":[15],"the":[17,29,66,74,81,98,110,112,124],"leading":[18],"cause":[19],"of":[20,35,58,69,77,97,104],"healthcare-associated":[21],"infective":[22],"diarrhoea.":[23],"The":[24,38,56],"mediated":[27],"by":[28],"spore,":[30],"metabolically":[32],"inactive":[33],"form":[34],"difficile.":[37],"spore":[39,59,70,113,125],"coat":[40,60,71,78,126],"acts":[41],"as":[42],"physical":[44],"barrier":[45],"to":[46,83,86],"defend":[47],"against":[48],"chemical":[49],"insults":[50],"from":[51],"hosts":[52],"and":[53,73,88,101,135],"natural":[54],"environments.":[55],"composition":[57],"has":[61],"already":[62],"been":[63,140],"revealed;":[64],"therefore,":[65],"interactive":[67],"networks":[68],"proteins":[72,137],"dynamic":[75],"process":[76,131],"assembly":[79],"are":[80],"keys":[82],"design":[84],"strategies":[85],"control":[87],"cure":[89],"CDI.":[90],"This":[91],"review":[92,120],"gives":[93],"brief":[95],"discussion":[96],"signal":[99],"processing":[100],"transcriptional":[102],"regulation":[103],"sporulation":[107],"initiation.":[108],"Following":[109],"discussion,":[111],"formation":[114],"also":[116],"introduced.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"this":[119],"mainly":[121],"focuses":[122],"on":[123],"assembly,":[127],"poorly":[129],"understood":[130],"in":[132],"difficile,":[134],"important":[136],"that":[138],"have":[139],"studied.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-08-29T00:00:00"}