{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293223376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","title":"Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infections in Tharaka-Nithi County","display_name":"Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infections in Tharaka-Nithi County","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293223376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","pdf_url":"https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/download/193/385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210241150","display_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","issn_l":"2582-3876","issn":["2582-3876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/download/193/385","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090085224","display_name":"Kiteme M. Purity","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiteme M. Purity","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016840065","display_name":"Benson Onyango","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-532X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-532X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315205436","display_name":"Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffvb852","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315205436"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onyango O. Benson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 210 \u2013 40601, Bondo, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 210 \u2013 40601, Bondo, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315205436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052479345","display_name":"Njagi C. Eric","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Njagi C. Eric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006458178","display_name":"Fredrick O. Ogolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-4314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-4314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ogolla O. Fredrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34903205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10431","display_name":"Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10431","display_name":"Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12657","display_name":"Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-infections","display_name":"gastrointestinal infections","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera","display_name":"cholera","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shigellosis","display_name":"shigellosis","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoid-fever","display_name":"typhoid fever","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbalists","display_name":"herbalists","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine","display_name":"traditional medicine","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tharaka-nithi-county","display_name":"Tharaka Nithi County","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eucalyptus-globulus","display_name":"Eucalyptus globulus","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carissa-edulis","display_name":"Carissa edulis","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vangueria-infausta","display_name":"Vangueria infausta","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloe-vera","display_name":"Aloe vera","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ficus-sycomorus","display_name":"Ficus sycomorus","score":0.8730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12090","display_name":"Cholera","level":2,"score":0.662026584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779546430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327298","display_name":"Shigellosis","level":5,"score":0.5162458419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.4819195568561554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47271057963371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30447131395339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776986154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131029","display_name":"Shigella","level":4,"score":0.2191101312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150839","display_name":"Salmonella","level":3,"score":0.09159389138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","pdf_url":"https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/download/193/385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210241150","display_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","issn_l":"2582-3876","issn":["2582-3876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalijpr.com:article/193","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/view/193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210241150","display_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","issn_l":"2582-3876","issn":["2582-3876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2582-3876","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05203281v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05203281v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2022, 10 (4), pp.1-11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2022/v10i430254","pdf_url":"https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/download/193/385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210241150","display_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","issn_l":"2582-3876","issn":["2582-3876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293223376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293223376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608097295","https://openalex.org/W1687260509","https://openalex.org/W1854215312","https://openalex.org/W1893527997","https://openalex.org/W1955262056","https://openalex.org/W1975527700","https://openalex.org/W1989570934","https://openalex.org/W2021767523","https://openalex.org/W2032498921","https://openalex.org/W2042189129","https://openalex.org/W2058673534","https://openalex.org/W2068992223","https://openalex.org/W2077189941","https://openalex.org/W2097014069","https://openalex.org/W2100550227","https://openalex.org/W2136376737","https://openalex.org/W2139565695","https://openalex.org/W2147381659","https://openalex.org/W2152638620","https://openalex.org/W2248422289","https://openalex.org/W2414194791","https://openalex.org/W2546972616","https://openalex.org/W2559088806","https://openalex.org/W2566515868","https://openalex.org/W2596739976","https://openalex.org/W2613331040","https://openalex.org/W2768982608","https://openalex.org/W2772983862","https://openalex.org/W2791140722","https://openalex.org/W2810341808","https://openalex.org/W2810415430","https://openalex.org/W2891550013","https://openalex.org/W2908549310","https://openalex.org/W2911861514","https://openalex.org/W2967295634","https://openalex.org/W2990126320","https://openalex.org/W2990142416","https://openalex.org/W3003441037","https://openalex.org/W3005332726","https://openalex.org/W3009959140","https://openalex.org/W3033870774","https://openalex.org/W3034515114","https://openalex.org/W3036846039","https://openalex.org/W3108945975","https://openalex.org/W3198315353","https://openalex.org/W4210548801","https://openalex.org/W4281643787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100448527","https://openalex.org/W4392813017","https://openalex.org/W290773123","https://openalex.org/W3036302315","https://openalex.org/W2186815638","https://openalex.org/W3029814609","https://openalex.org/W4240295435","https://openalex.org/W7160661033","https://openalex.org/W2767547237","https://openalex.org/W2778689265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0],"care":[1],"is":[2,61,296],"a":[3,156],"basic":[4],"need":[5],"to":[6,30,49,94,100,105,118,183],"humans":[7],"which":[8],"can":[9],"only":[10],"be":[11],"achieved":[12],"with":[13,15,209,240],"medicines":[14],"high":[16],"efficacy":[17],"against":[18],"disease":[19],"causing":[20],"pathogens.":[21],"Globally,":[22],"gastrointestinal":[23,51,76],"infections":[24,52,77],"are":[25,310],"major":[26],"health":[27],"concern":[28],"particularly":[29],"travelers":[31],"since":[32],"over":[33],"60%":[34],"visiting":[35],"tropical":[36],"and":[37,69,82,99,109,124,127,167,196,230,261,318],"subtropical":[38],"regions":[39],"develop":[40],"diarrhea.":[41],"Herbal":[42],"plants":[43,71,204,309],"have":[44,184],"been":[45],"used":[46,72,104,203,235,266,311],"for":[47,205,236,267],"decades":[48],"treat":[50,106],"globally":[53],"including":[54],"Tharaka-Nithi":[55,112,303],"County":[56,304],"in":[57,73,111,129,137,302,305,312],"Kenya.":[58,306],"However,":[59],"there":[60],"little":[62],"information":[63],"on":[64],"the":[65,70,138,146,219,250,276,285,313],"demography":[66],"of":[67,75,122,145,165,207,221,238,252,269,273,278,284,315],"herbalist":[68,142,147,217,248,274],"treatment":[74,206,237,268,314],"such":[78],"as":[79,201],"typhoid,":[80,107],"cholera":[81,108,208],"shigellosis.":[83],"A":[84],"cross":[85],"sectional":[86],"survey":[87],"was":[88,116,155],"carried":[89],"out":[90],"involving":[91],"thirty":[92],"herbalists":[93,135,180,286],"assess":[95],"their":[96],"demographic":[97],"data":[98],"establish":[101],"herbs":[102],"commonly":[103,202,234,265],"shigellosis":[110,239,317],"County.":[113],"Data":[114],"collected":[115],"subjected":[117],"Chi":[119],"square":[120],"test":[121],"association":[123,161],"descriptive":[125],"statistics":[126],"presented":[128],"percentages.":[130],"There":[131,154],"were":[132,149,181,199,233,264],"more":[133],"male":[134],"(65.52%)":[136,148],"study":[139],"than":[140],"female":[141],"(34.48%).":[143],"Most":[144,179,283],"aged":[150],"above":[151,218,249,275],"70":[152,222,253,279],"years.":[153,223,254],"significant":[157],"(p":[158],"<":[159],"0.05)":[160],"between":[162],"herbalists\u2019":[163],"level":[164,188],"education":[166,187,290],"age":[168,220,251,277],"(X2":[169],"(6,":[170],"N":[171],"=":[172,174,177],"30)":[173],"17.349,":[175],"p":[176],"0.008).":[178],"found":[182],"below":[185,288],"primary":[186,289],"58.62%.":[189],"Aloe":[190],"vera,":[191],"Aspilia":[192,210],"pluriseta,":[193],"Ficus":[194],"sycomorus":[195],"Physalis":[197],"peruviana":[198],"identified":[200],"pluriseta":[211],"being":[212,243],"most":[213,244],"preferred":[214,245,280],"(27%)":[215],"by":[216,247,299],"Vangueria":[224,259],"infausta,":[225],"Eucalyptus":[226,241,262],"globulus,":[227],"Carissa":[228,257],"edulis":[229],"Erythrina":[231,255,281],"abysinnica":[232],"globulus":[242,263],"(58.6%)":[246],"abysinnica,":[256],"edulis,":[258],"infausta":[260],"typhoid":[270],"while":[271],"50.0%":[272],"abysinnica.":[282],"had":[287],"level.":[291],"In":[292],"conclusion,":[293],"herbal":[294,308],"medicine":[295],"mostly":[297],"dispensed":[298],"older":[300],"people":[301],"Different":[307],"cholera,":[316],"typhoid.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-08-27T00:00:00"}