{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293062409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","title":"Evaluation of Layer Adhesion and Uniformity in Poly(lactic acid) and Thermoplastic Starch Multilayered Films","display_name":"Evaluation of Layer Adhesion and Uniformity in Poly(lactic acid) and Thermoplastic Starch Multilayered Films","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293062409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202680183","display_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","issn_l":"0888-5885","issn":["0888-5885","1520-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049594253","display_name":"Joseph L. Higginson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph L. Higginson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada","Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078789861","display_name":"Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086147","display_name":"EcoSynthetix (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00n83m850","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086147"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoSynthetix Inc., Burlington, Ontario L7M 1A6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoSynthetix Inc., Burlington, Ontario L7M 1A6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030937652","display_name":"Ehsan Behzadfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Behzadfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada","Chemical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada","Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030937652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967","https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63217726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"23","first_page":"7996","last_page":"8004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.13699999451637268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polylactic-acid","display_name":"polylactic acid","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoplastic-starch","display_name":"thermoplastic starch","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-films","display_name":"multilayer films","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer-adhesion","display_name":"layer adhesion","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer-uniformity","display_name":"layer uniformity","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coextrusion","display_name":"coextrusion","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-viscosity","display_name":"viscosity ratio","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasticizers","display_name":"plasticizers","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maleic-anhydride-compatibilizer","display_name":"maleic anhydride compatibilizer","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-based-packaging","display_name":"bio-based packaging","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheology","display_name":"rheology","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-analysis","display_name":"thermal analysis","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7953883409500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58968531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910212","display_name":"Plasticizer","level":2,"score":0.7785295844078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781247691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380677","display_name":"Thermoplastic","level":2,"score":0.7685675024986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.6767622232437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84416704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188666","display_name":"Adhesion","level":2,"score":0.5924577713012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5831409692764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.552095890045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777666793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412377","display_name":"Maleic anhydride","level":4,"score":0.5386398434638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775920511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Lactic acid","level":3,"score":0.5252484679222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.4546511471271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3490595817565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.2609173059463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.21844199299812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08728361129760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0679064691066742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202680183","display_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","issn_l":"0888-5885","issn":["0888-5885","1520-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310153","display_name":"Ryerson University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313340","display_name":"Ontario Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/051639p85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313495","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319952","display_name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/000az4664"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533604","https://openalex.org/W1560056861","https://openalex.org/W1964242898","https://openalex.org/W1978233952","https://openalex.org/W1978299719","https://openalex.org/W1990233557","https://openalex.org/W1990422469","https://openalex.org/W1996034630","https://openalex.org/W2032926788","https://openalex.org/W2035252105","https://openalex.org/W2036685068","https://openalex.org/W2046018775","https://openalex.org/W2066087222","https://openalex.org/W2081474612","https://openalex.org/W2089320091","https://openalex.org/W2123047595","https://openalex.org/W2127747601","https://openalex.org/W2129242225","https://openalex.org/W2165607642","https://openalex.org/W2288054059","https://openalex.org/W2300313335","https://openalex.org/W2496906740","https://openalex.org/W2520121408","https://openalex.org/W2528419930","https://openalex.org/W2619571102","https://openalex.org/W2737039669","https://openalex.org/W2793197788","https://openalex.org/W2794035843","https://openalex.org/W2811228041","https://openalex.org/W2895215575","https://openalex.org/W2897851261","https://openalex.org/W2911968380","https://openalex.org/W2919248462","https://openalex.org/W2950451986","https://openalex.org/W2979447181","https://openalex.org/W3081432262","https://openalex.org/W3081769601","https://openalex.org/W3117740425","https://openalex.org/W3120742344","https://openalex.org/W3129561225","https://openalex.org/W3150188860","https://openalex.org/W3166272572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392238927","https://openalex.org/W2946417054","https://openalex.org/W3046752118","https://openalex.org/W2072291078","https://openalex.org/W3160794721","https://openalex.org/W3150188860","https://openalex.org/W4408860157","https://openalex.org/W2973265723","https://openalex.org/W2300313335","https://openalex.org/W1978233952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilayered":[0],"films":[1,36],"of":[2,118,132,152,162],"poly(lactic":[3],"acid)":[4],"(PLA)":[5],"and":[6,43,47,51,60,164],"thermoplastic":[7],"starch":[8],"(TPS)":[9],"offer":[10],"complementary":[11],"characteristics":[12],"that":[13,114,141],"are":[14],"promising":[15],"for":[16],"sustainable":[17,171],"packaging":[18,172],"applications.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"study,":[22],"an":[23],"in-house":[24],"designed":[25],"three-line":[26],"coextrusion":[27],"process":[28],"was":[29],"developed":[30],"to":[31,56,73,97,128],"fabricate":[32],"layered":[33],"films.":[34],"These":[35],"were":[37,54],"produced":[38],"at":[39,80,106,134],"varying":[40],"shear":[41,66],"rates":[42],"viscosity":[44,143],"ratios":[45],"with":[46],"without":[48],"compatibilizers.":[49],"Rheological":[50],"thermal":[52],"analyses":[53],"used":[55],"investigate":[57],"adhesion":[58,76,94,125],"strength":[59,95,126],"uniformity.":[61],"Results":[62,112],"showed":[63,113],"the":[64,100,138,142,160],"processing":[65,165],"rate":[67],"has":[68],"a":[69,146,169],"significant":[70],"effect":[71],"up":[72,96,127],"136%":[74],"on":[75,149],"strength,":[77],"its":[78,104],"maximum":[79,105],"10.6":[81],"s":[82],"\u20131":[83],".":[84],"Viscosity":[85],"ratio,":[86],"varied":[87],"by":[88],"plasticizer":[89],"content":[90],"in":[91,167],"TPS,":[92],"impacted":[93],"48%":[98],"within":[99,122,154],"studied":[101],"ranges,":[102],"showing":[103],"25":[107],"wt":[108,116],"%":[109,117],"added":[110],"plasticizers.":[111],"2.5":[115],"compatibilizer,":[119],"maleic":[120],"anhydride,":[121],"TPS":[123,153],"increased":[124],"35%.":[129],"Thermal":[130],"analysis":[131],"layers":[133],"different":[135],"locations":[136],"along":[137],"cross-section":[139],"revealed":[140],"ratio":[144],"had":[145],"defining":[147],"impact":[148],"layer":[150],"uniformity":[151],"PLA":[155],"layers.":[156],"This":[157],"study":[158],"highlights":[159],"importance":[161],"material":[163],"parameters":[166],"designing":[168],"biobased":[170],"solution.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-08-26T00:00:00"}