{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292969860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","title":"An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Gradient Correlation Measure","display_name":"An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Gradient Correlation Measure","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292969860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangyue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-6777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-6777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-6777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073338938","display_name":"Jingyu Ru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-374X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-374X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000383993","display_name":"Chengdong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-5493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-5493","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0445-4934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengdong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-5493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59054709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-small-target-detection","display_name":"infrared small target detection","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facet-model","display_name":"facet model","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-threshold","display_name":"adaptive threshold","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-signal-to-clutter-ratio","display_name":"low signal-to-clutter ratio","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-background","display_name":"complex background","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8876486420631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053361892700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5530682802200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5507227182388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5010795593261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4501318335533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4427489638328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.42573487758636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42017388343811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36087191104888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25405269861221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2539011240005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21147453784942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13268432021141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3201280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7412579015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2126003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8967853969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-MS-098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1982356639","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2470036451","https://openalex.org/W2756926440","https://openalex.org/W2803108972","https://openalex.org/W2921359348","https://openalex.org/W2972929155","https://openalex.org/W2992263340","https://openalex.org/W3039072276","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3044393424","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3092404985","https://openalex.org/W3133742914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320005476","https://openalex.org/W3009993648","https://openalex.org/W4361009564","https://openalex.org/W4398180460","https://openalex.org/W4385151719","https://openalex.org/W2803108972","https://openalex.org/W4294690988","https://openalex.org/W3121900473","https://openalex.org/W3005835029","https://openalex.org/W4403182058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"overcome":[1],"the":[2,9,38,45,52,64,93,104,117,120,128],"interference":[3],"of":[4,12,44,66,97,123],"complex":[5,113],"background":[6,85],"and":[7,72],"improve":[8],"detection":[10,24,136],"ability":[11],"infrared":[13,39],"small":[14,70,82,98,124],"target":[15],"under":[16],"low":[17],"signal-to-clutter":[18],"ratio":[19],"(SCR)":[20],"scenes,":[21],"a":[22,56,133],"novel":[23],"method":[25,90,106,131],"based":[26,50],"on":[27,51],"gradient":[28,40,57,68,95],"correlation":[29,58],"measure":[30],"(GCM)":[31],"is":[32,48,60,78,126],"proposed":[33,88,105,129],"in":[34,112,116],"this":[35],"letter.":[36],"Initially,":[37],"vector":[41],"field":[42],"(IGVF)":[43],"original":[46],"image":[47],"constructed":[49],"facet":[53],"model.":[54],"Then,":[55],"template":[59],"designed":[61],"to":[62,80],"distinguish":[63],"difference":[65],"local":[67],"between":[69],"targets":[71,83,125],"background.":[73],"Finally,":[74],"an":[75],"adaptive":[76],"threshold":[77],"adopted":[79],"extract":[81],"from":[84],"clutter.":[86],"The":[87],"GCM":[89,130],"can":[91,107],"identify":[92],"unique":[94],"characteristics":[96],"targets.":[99],"Experimental":[100],"evaluations":[101],"prove":[102],"that":[103],"achieve":[108],"higher":[109],"SCR":[110],"scores":[111],"backgrounds.":[114],"Especially":[115],"scene":[118],"where":[119],"gray":[121],"contrast":[122],"low,":[127],"shows":[132],"more":[134],"robust":[135],"performance.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2022-08-24T00:00:00"}
