{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292834476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","title":"The Application of Pearls in Traditional Medicine of China and Their Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Research","display_name":"The Application of Pearls in Traditional Medicine of China and Their Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Research","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292834476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081944","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9445187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023500974","display_name":"Yinglian Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinglian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033272726","display_name":"Wanyue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3468-0982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3468-0982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanyue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ke Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654820","display_name":"Zhang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-5092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-5092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100654820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":0.7529,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58758701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"893229","last_page":"893229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.025499999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13444","display_name":"Medical Research and Treatments","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearl","display_name":"pearls","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-constituents","display_name":"chemical constituents","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate","display_name":"calcium carbonate","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acids","display_name":"amino acids","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"pharmacology","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicology","display_name":"toxicology","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"epilepsy","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convulsions","display_name":"convulsions","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidation","display_name":"anti-oxidation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-regeneration","display_name":"bone regeneration","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microvascular-endothelial-cells","display_name":"microvascular endothelial cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-diseases","display_name":"eye diseases","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcer-disease","display_name":"ulcer disease","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-diseases","display_name":"skin diseases","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palpitations","display_name":"palpitations","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7313140630722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994380890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11173","display_name":"Chemical constituents","level":2,"score":0.6129062175750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.4840247333049774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4466860890388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.4419512450695038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3731614947319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.31404048204421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.139387309551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11634209752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09987124800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9445187","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9445187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36081944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c311958e5a04195a7b8bbaa52012617","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c311958e5a04195a7b8bbaa52012617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.893229/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G110437348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012-E-040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4311974031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZRQN1544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7639360507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012M511916","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325093","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328111","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329536","display_name":"Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03x55t826"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292834476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292834476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229214671","https://openalex.org/W1681097785","https://openalex.org/W1803724806","https://openalex.org/W1838391242","https://openalex.org/W1982200693","https://openalex.org/W1986832265","https://openalex.org/W1993023556","https://openalex.org/W2001399907","https://openalex.org/W2008987245","https://openalex.org/W2044015132","https://openalex.org/W2047749997","https://openalex.org/W2066649584","https://openalex.org/W2068513487","https://openalex.org/W2070771109","https://openalex.org/W2075971690","https://openalex.org/W2077167402","https://openalex.org/W2079329636","https://openalex.org/W2080569800","https://openalex.org/W2082983158","https://openalex.org/W2083481908","https://openalex.org/W2083871087","https://openalex.org/W2085865631","https://openalex.org/W2094020286","https://openalex.org/W2126519423","https://openalex.org/W2134415578","https://openalex.org/W2146472525","https://openalex.org/W2286366627","https://openalex.org/W2357568581","https://openalex.org/W2361511800","https://openalex.org/W2361810393","https://openalex.org/W2361882201","https://openalex.org/W2366505669","https://openalex.org/W2366921504","https://openalex.org/W2369502345","https://openalex.org/W2369798681","https://openalex.org/W2374389716","https://openalex.org/W2378801850","https://openalex.org/W2379966585","https://openalex.org/W2380514438","https://openalex.org/W2386092644","https://openalex.org/W2387172207","https://openalex.org/W2391288729","https://openalex.org/W2547366315","https://openalex.org/W2558676147","https://openalex.org/W2615720424","https://openalex.org/W2626727265","https://openalex.org/W2742582740","https://openalex.org/W2751534586","https://openalex.org/W2798004961","https://openalex.org/W2804210986","https://openalex.org/W2883871681","https://openalex.org/W2888506571","https://openalex.org/W2926836927","https://openalex.org/W2938672826","https://openalex.org/W2942066293","https://openalex.org/W3013626099","https://openalex.org/W3032520496","https://openalex.org/W3083303957","https://openalex.org/W3100080272","https://openalex.org/W4234551709","https://openalex.org/W4401727915","https://openalex.org/W7065447979","https://openalex.org/W7073816834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404631480","https://openalex.org/W4403609494","https://openalex.org/W2898345306","https://openalex.org/W4240611603","https://openalex.org/W4416179509","https://openalex.org/W4249014388","https://openalex.org/W4412696704","https://openalex.org/W4390570518","https://openalex.org/W6980540809","https://openalex.org/W4376618060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"pearls":[1,22,32,78,102,139,158,193],"are":[2,62,140],"well":[3,44],"known":[4],"by":[5,67],"most":[6],"people,":[7],"their":[8,40,49],"medicinal":[9,19],"value":[10],"has":[11],"not":[12],"been":[13,160],"popularized.":[14],"This":[15,182],"article":[16,183],"collates":[17],"the":[18,29,34,46,120,130,188,195],"history":[20],"of":[21,31,37,48,100,124,137,155,192],"over":[23],"2,000":[24],"years":[25],"in":[26,33,74,194],"China,":[27],"including":[28],"application":[30,189],"traditional":[35],"medicine":[36],"China":[38],"and":[39,54,70,89,91,117,122,133,166,190],"various":[41,80],"preparations,":[42],"as":[43,45,64,84,95,107,169],"progress":[47],"chemical":[50],"constituents,":[51,82,93],"pharmacology,":[52,101],"toxicology,":[53,138],"clinical":[55,156],"research.":[56],"Pearls":[57],"from":[58],"three":[59],"different":[60],"sources":[61],"used":[63,161],"medical":[65],"materiel":[66],"9":[68],"nationalities":[69],"251":[71],"prescription":[72],"preparations":[73],"China.":[75],"In":[76,98,135,153],"addition,":[77],"contain":[79],"inorganic":[81],"such":[83,94,106,168],"calcium":[85],"carbonate,":[86],"trace":[87],"elements,":[88],"water,":[90],"organic":[92],"amino":[96],"acids.":[97],"terms":[99,136,154],"have":[103,159],"many":[104,164],"effects":[105],"calming,":[108],"improving":[109],"cognitive":[110],"ability,":[111],"being":[112],"anti-epileptic,":[113],"promoting":[114,119],"bone":[115],"growth":[116],"regeneration,":[118],"proliferation":[121],"migration":[123],"human":[125],"microvascular":[126],"endothelial":[127],"cells,":[128],"protecting":[129],"heart,":[131],"anti-hemolysis,":[132],"anti-oxidation.":[134],"safe":[141],"to":[142,162],"take":[143],"for":[144,187],"a":[145,185],"long":[146],"time":[147],"without":[148],"exerting":[149],"obvious":[150],"adverse":[151],"reactions.":[152],"application,":[157],"treat":[163],"diseases":[165],"conditions,":[167],"convulsions,":[170],"epilepsy,":[171],"palpitations,":[172],"eye":[173],"diseases,":[174,176,178],"ulcer":[175],"skin":[177,180],"or":[179],"lesions.":[181],"provides":[184],"reference":[186],"research":[191],"future.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2022-08-24T00:00:00"}