{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292833733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","title":"Early culture conversion is a poor marker of treatment outcome among people with HIV and drug\u2010resistant TB","display_name":"Early culture conversion is a poor marker of treatment outcome among people with HIV and drug\u2010resistant TB","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292833733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/hiv.13392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56736983","display_name":"HIV Medicine","issn_l":"1464-2662","issn":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014635530","display_name":"Joseph Baruch Baluku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Baruch Baluku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonology Kiruddu National Referral Hospital  Kampala Uganda","Makerere University Lung Institute  Kampala Uganda","Division of Pulmonology Kiruddu National Referral Hospital Kampala Uganda; Makerere University Lung Institute Kampala Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonology Kiruddu National Referral Hospital  Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University Lung Institute  Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonology Kiruddu National Referral Hospital Kampala Uganda; Makerere University Lung Institute Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033622874","display_name":"Martin Nabwana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-9813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-9813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121676","display_name":"MUJHU Research Collaboration","ror":"https://ror.org/02ee2kk58","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121676"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Nabwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University\u2010Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration  Kampala Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University\u2010Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration  Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053913715","display_name":"Suleiman Bwika Mwanahamisi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suleiman Bwika Mwanahamisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012446492","display_name":"Grace Kansiime","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-7594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-7594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Kansiime","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073654923","display_name":"Edwin Nuwagira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-9504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Nuwagira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055308699","display_name":"Stavia Turyahabwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9537-4448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9537-4448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092895","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00hy3gq97","country_code":"UG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092895"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stavia Turyahabwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["National TB and Leprosy Program Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National TB and Leprosy Program Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067972049","display_name":"Bruce Kirenga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Kirenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University Lung Institute Kampala Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University Lung Institute Kampala Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014635530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42252649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"335","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-tuberculosis","display_name":"drug-resistant tuberculosis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-success","display_name":"treatment success","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure","display_name":"cure","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sputum-culture","display_name":"sputum culture","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9288657903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.8747107982635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777768864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387898","display_name":"Culture conversion","level":4,"score":0.8071867823600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7388110160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581635","display_name":"Sputum culture","level":4,"score":0.6552282571792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6155197024345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5989599823951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.5365232825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.5319790244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4663827419281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.44319629669189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780544761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257318","display_name":"Bedaquiline","level":4,"score":0.4397393763065338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.42402905225753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.23966792225837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.1992906630039215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013183","descriptor_name":"Sputum","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018088","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018088","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/hiv.13392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56736983","display_name":"HIV Medicine","issn_l":"1464-2662","issn":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36054688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952421976","https://openalex.org/W1969862288","https://openalex.org/W1976113829","https://openalex.org/W2002113121","https://openalex.org/W2064412293","https://openalex.org/W2078346396","https://openalex.org/W2106038390","https://openalex.org/W2124344963","https://openalex.org/W2134519679","https://openalex.org/W2141530810","https://openalex.org/W2146416369","https://openalex.org/W2795574439","https://openalex.org/W2809376197","https://openalex.org/W2810507446","https://openalex.org/W2811291463","https://openalex.org/W2886114052","https://openalex.org/W2956144804","https://openalex.org/W2969109607","https://openalex.org/W2981041595","https://openalex.org/W2989551129","https://openalex.org/W3009705041","https://openalex.org/W3011790409","https://openalex.org/W3034812819","https://openalex.org/W3044366608","https://openalex.org/W3044422071","https://openalex.org/W3048012259","https://openalex.org/W3049098976","https://openalex.org/W3120055490","https://openalex.org/W3121225209","https://openalex.org/W3134442205","https://openalex.org/W3153551874","https://openalex.org/W3176034063","https://openalex.org/W3180996838","https://openalex.org/W3198178631","https://openalex.org/W3198879420","https://openalex.org/W3208317063","https://openalex.org/W4200588697","https://openalex.org/W6660434989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2334542180","https://openalex.org/W1976113829","https://openalex.org/W1952510461","https://openalex.org/W2136279465","https://openalex.org/W7097472175","https://openalex.org/W2140154490","https://openalex.org/W3118917490","https://openalex.org/W4399207943","https://openalex.org/W2954860054","https://openalex.org/W2811291463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Our":[1],"objective":[2],"was":[3,26,112,119,142,167,182],"to":[4,249],"determine":[5],"associations":[6],"between":[7,47],"early":[8],"(\u22642":[9],"months)":[10],"culture":[11,41,110],"conversion":[12,111],"(ECC)":[13],"among":[14,121,146,169,264],"people":[15,32,75,123,147,175,223,265],"with":[16,33,76,93,125,144,149,177,185,225,267],"HIV":[17,126,150,226],"and":[18,37,49,57,78,99,163,172,227],"drug-resistant":[19],"tuberculosis":[20],"(DRTB)":[21],"in":[22,45],"Uganda.":[23],"METHODS:":[24],"This":[25],"a":[27,38,79],"countrywide":[28],"retrospective":[29],"cohort":[30],"of":[31,83,109,137,222,258,261],"bacteriologically":[34],"confirmed":[35],"DRTB":[36,59,77,134,228,262],"positive":[39,80],"baseline":[40,81],"at":[42],"16":[43],"centres":[44],"Uganda":[46],"2013":[48],"2019.":[50],"Data":[51],"were":[52,64,97,102],"abstracted":[53],"from":[54],"treatment":[55,135,165,209,239],"files":[56],"unit":[58],"registers.":[60],"Monthly":[61],"sputum":[62],"cultures":[63],"performed":[65],"using":[66],"the":[67,259],"Lowenstein-Jensen":[68],"solid":[69],"medium.":[70],"RESULTS:":[71],"We":[72],"included":[73],"664":[74],"culture,":[82],"whom":[84],"353":[85],"(53.4%)":[86],"also":[87],"had":[88],"HIV.":[89,268],"Among":[90],"those":[91],"living":[92,124,148,176,224,266],"HIV,":[94,178],"225":[95],"(63.7%)":[96],"male":[98],"331":[100],"(94.3%)":[101],"on":[103],"antiretroviral":[104],"therapy.":[105],"The":[106,220],"median":[107],"month":[108],"2":[113],"(interquartile":[114],"range":[115],"[IQR]":[116],"1-3).":[117],"ECC":[118,145,181,232,252],"observed":[120,168],"226":[122],"(64.0%;":[127],"95%":[128,156,192,201,213],"confidence":[129],"interval":[130],"[CI]":[131],"58.9-68.9).":[132],"A":[133],"regimen":[136],"six":[138,245],"or":[139,207,238,246],"more":[140,247],"drugs":[141,248],"associated":[143,184],"(adjusted":[151],"odds":[152,188],"ratio":[153,189],"[aOR]":[154],"3.82;":[155],"CI":[157,193,202,214],"1.06-13.82;":[158],"p":[159,195,204,216],"=":[160,196,205,217],"0.041).":[161],"Cure":[162],"overall":[164,208],"success":[166,210],"232":[170],"(65.7%)":[171],"269":[173],"(76.2%)":[174],"respectively.":[179],"However,":[180,231],"not":[183,234,254],"cure":[186],"(crude":[187],"[OR]":[190],"0.97;":[191],"0.61-1.54;":[194],"0.901),":[197],"death":[198],"(OR":[199,211],"1.12;":[200],"0.61-2.29;":[203],"0.610),":[206],"1.29;":[212],"0.78-2.13;":[215],"0.326).":[218],"CONCLUSION:":[219],"majority":[221],"achieve":[229,250],"ECC.":[230,251],"does":[233],"predict":[235],"cure,":[236],"death,":[237],"success.":[240],"Moreover,":[241],"it":[242],"may":[243],"require":[244],"is":[253],"an":[255],"excellent":[256],"indicator":[257],"effectiveness":[260],"regimens":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-08-24T00:00:00"}