{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292572007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177","title":"Differences in the Intensity and the Nature of Foreign Language Anxiety in In\u2010person and Online EFL Classes during the Pandemic: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study","display_name":"Differences in the Intensity and the Nature of Foreign Language Anxiety in In\u2010person and Online EFL Classes during the Pandemic: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292572007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/tesq.3177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177238307","display_name":"TESOL Quarterly","issn_l":"0039-8322","issn":["0039-8322","1545-7249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TESOL Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9538441","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090250010","display_name":"Pia Resnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-9546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-9546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099803","display_name":"P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/0105rz203","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pia Resnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, University College of Teacher Education Vienna/Krems, Vienna, Austria","Department of English and American Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-9546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, University College of Teacher Education Vienna/Krems, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and American Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041017273","display_name":"Jean\u2010Marc Dewaele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-0977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-0977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean\u2010Marc Dewaele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-0977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008680516","display_name":"Eva Knechtelsdorfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-3363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-3363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099803","display_name":"P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/0105rz203","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Knechtelsdorfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, University College of Teacher Education Vienna/Krems, Vienna, Austria","Department of English and American Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-3363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, University College of Teacher Education Vienna/Krems, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and American Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090250010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I4210099803"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":49.8603,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99861946,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"2","first_page":"618","last_page":"642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12593","display_name":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13978","display_name":"Foreign Language Teaching Methods","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-language-classroom-anxiety","display_name":"foreign language classroom anxiety","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-remote-teaching","display_name":"emergency remote teaching","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face-instruction","display_name":"face-to-face teaching","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-learners","display_name":"EFL learners","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-symptoms-of-anxiety","display_name":"physical symptoms of anxiety","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embarrassment","display_name":"embarrassment","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-readiness","display_name":"student readiness","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-anxiety","display_name":"causes of anxiety","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.794396162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7114892601966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.7052311897277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.6149246096611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5730947256088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5409156084060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778092134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468412","display_name":"Foreign language anxiety","level":3,"score":0.5332654714584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49394112825393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7559234","display_name":"Somatic anxiety","level":3,"score":0.4292669892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.38603490591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.34785592555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34530165791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1291530430316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12623849511146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08867111802101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/tesq.3177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177238307","display_name":"TESOL Quarterly","issn_l":"0039-8322","issn":["0039-8322","1545-7249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TESOL Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9538441","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9538441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TESOL Quarterly","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:48906","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/48906/3/48906.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/48906/3/48906.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400465","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9538441","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9538441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TESOL Quarterly","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128472000","https://openalex.org/W584279097","https://openalex.org/W620042716","https://openalex.org/W639687956","https://openalex.org/W1479786099","https://openalex.org/W1599418893","https://openalex.org/W1893938325","https://openalex.org/W1981045396","https://openalex.org/W2014858765","https://openalex.org/W2018765701","https://openalex.org/W2021100266","https://openalex.org/W2030631732","https://openalex.org/W2096576379","https://openalex.org/W2100877102","https://openalex.org/W2138781562","https://openalex.org/W2157084486","https://openalex.org/W2165935007","https://openalex.org/W2482507321","https://openalex.org/W2900939932","https://openalex.org/W2900995365","https://openalex.org/W2907972239","https://openalex.org/W2917548179","https://openalex.org/W2945786875","https://openalex.org/W2972145160","https://openalex.org/W3015901506","https://openalex.org/W3018507362","https://openalex.org/W3036933998","https://openalex.org/W3042009104","https://openalex.org/W3048163150","https://openalex.org/W3088378006","https://openalex.org/W3098397169","https://openalex.org/W3102509658","https://openalex.org/W3136203733","https://openalex.org/W3151993714","https://openalex.org/W4200561525","https://openalex.org/W4226034177","https://openalex.org/W4250103043","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165186066","https://openalex.org/W4297818902","https://openalex.org/W4413337062","https://openalex.org/W3181942155","https://openalex.org/W4390489792","https://openalex.org/W3166862309","https://openalex.org/W4406431029","https://openalex.org/W4291139643","https://openalex.org/W4386785570","https://openalex.org/W4315478977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"explores":[3],"differences":[4],"in":[5,13,35,53,57,75,97,106,117,139,147,154],"437":[6],"learners'":[7,54],"foreign":[8],"language":[9],"classroom":[10],"anxiety":[11,93,146],"(FLCA)":[12],"in\u2010person":[14,140],"and":[15,30,99],"online":[16,76,118,137,148],"English":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,44,48,66],"Foreign":[20],"Language":[21],"(EFL)":[22],"classes":[23,77,149,155],"before":[24],"the":[25,28,32,126,132,143,152,162,165,179,182,185],"outbreak":[26],"of":[27,40,92,131,145,164,184],"pandemic":[29],"during":[31],"first":[33],"lockdown":[34],"spring":[36],"2020.":[37],"Statistical":[38],"analyses":[39,71],"data":[41],"gathered":[42],"with":[43,121],"web":[45],"survey":[46],"revealed":[47,72,124],"slight,":[49],"yet":[50],"significant":[51],"drop":[52],"overall":[55],"FLCA":[56],"emergency":[58,172],"remote":[59,173],"teaching":[60],".":[61],"In":[62],"order":[63],"to":[64,111,171],"obtain":[65],"more":[67,135],"granular":[68],"view,":[69],"item\u2010level":[70],"that":[73,125,161],"learners":[74],"were":[78,100,105],"significantly":[79,115],"less":[80,88,101],"worried":[81],"about":[82],"being":[83],"outperformed":[84],"by":[85],"peers,":[86],"suffered":[87],"from":[89,151],"physical":[90],"symptoms":[91],"when":[94,103],"called":[95],"on":[96],"class,":[98],"anxious":[102],"they":[104],"fact":[107],"well\u2010prepared.":[108],"Feeling":[109],"embarrassed":[110],"volunteer":[112],"answers":[113],"was":[114],"higher":[116],"classes.":[119,141],"Interviews":[120],"21":[122],"participants":[123],"interviewees":[127],"mentioned":[128],"anxiety\u2010provoking":[129,168],"aspects":[130,169],"class":[133],"considerably":[134],"frequently":[136],"than":[138],"However,":[142],"sources":[144],"differed":[150],"ones":[153],"taught":[156],"on\u2010site.":[157],"Thus,":[158],"it":[159],"seems":[160],"newness":[163],"setting":[166],"foregrounded":[167],"specific":[170],"teaching,":[174],"making":[175],"others":[176],"fade":[177],"into":[178],"background":[180],"at":[181],"beginning":[183],"pandemic.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-08-22T00:00:00"}
