{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292284005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","title":"Submit to survive: an exploration of sexual cleansing as an act of violence against widows in the Luo community of Kenya","display_name":"Submit to survive: an exploration of sexual cleansing as an act of violence against widows in the Luo community of Kenya","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292284005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126467296","display_name":"Culture Health & Sexuality","issn_l":"1369-1058","issn":["1369-1058","1464-5351"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Culture, Health & Sexuality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003787035","display_name":"Leso Munala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-2991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-2991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142767807","display_name":"St. Catherine University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1f1d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leso Munala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-2991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Margaret Harris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142767807","display_name":"St. Catherine University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1f1d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113852032","display_name":"Esther Mwangi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142767807","display_name":"St. Catherine University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1f1d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Mwangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008907855","display_name":"Nene C. Okunna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-6823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-6823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51077184","display_name":"Saint Joseph's University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q87sg56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51077184"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nene Okunna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Studies, Saint Joseph\u2019s University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-6823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Studies, Saint Joseph\u2019s University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51077184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081076145","display_name":"Emily Hohenshell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142767807","display_name":"St. Catherine University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1f1d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Hohenshell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004388045","display_name":"Maureen Ong\u2019ombe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Ong\u2019ombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maria Musa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142767807","display_name":"St. Catherine University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1f1d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Musa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003787035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142767807"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40565559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"698","last_page":"710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.6054999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.6054999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.05310000106692314,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-violence-against-women","display_name":"sexual violence against women","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/widows","display_name":"widows","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luo-people","display_name":"Luo people","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance","display_name":"inheritance","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ritual-violence","display_name":"ritual violence","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rape","display_name":"rape","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-practices","display_name":"cultural practices","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-framework","display_name":"legal framework","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siaya-county","display_name":"Siaya County","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5548520684242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5151728391647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777996642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558075","display_name":"Sexual violence","level":2,"score":0.4830625653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.40778106451034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3829578161239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35719016194343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23489749431610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017805","descriptor_name":"Widowhood","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2091797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126467296","display_name":"Culture Health & Sexuality","issn_l":"1369-1058","issn":["1369-1058","1464-5351"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Culture, Health & Sexuality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35939652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Culture, health & sexuality","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90008755","https://openalex.org/W1983075950","https://openalex.org/W1983687878","https://openalex.org/W1984066331","https://openalex.org/W1993503567","https://openalex.org/W1998105443","https://openalex.org/W2005494081","https://openalex.org/W2009310893","https://openalex.org/W2022426474","https://openalex.org/W2030324999","https://openalex.org/W2036513924","https://openalex.org/W2061724532","https://openalex.org/W2088443563","https://openalex.org/W2118837237","https://openalex.org/W2138151778","https://openalex.org/W2142225512","https://openalex.org/W2142646199","https://openalex.org/W2143587671","https://openalex.org/W2144212954","https://openalex.org/W2145086410","https://openalex.org/W2161551760","https://openalex.org/W2326463217","https://openalex.org/W2585777285","https://openalex.org/W2744382758","https://openalex.org/W2805140042","https://openalex.org/W2808031128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113082556","https://openalex.org/W4291991989","https://openalex.org/W7096546116","https://openalex.org/W2897360673","https://openalex.org/W2005494081","https://openalex.org/W3026008906","https://openalex.org/W336223016","https://openalex.org/W1850130937","https://openalex.org/W4391755631","https://openalex.org/W2782931676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,48,88],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,18,25,73,91,94,111,123],"sexual":[4,42],"'cleansing'":[5],"of":[6,27,41,70,93,97,103,113],"widows":[7,56],"and":[8,81],"subsequent":[9],"inheritance":[10],"is":[11],"assessed":[12],"for":[13],"its":[14],"socio-cultural":[15],"significance.":[16],"Although":[17],"practice":[19,96],"has":[20,33],"been":[21,35],"well":[22],"studied":[23],"in":[24,29,62,65],"context":[26],"HIV":[28],"Sub-Saharan":[30],"Africa,":[31],"it":[32],"not":[34],"widely":[36],"examined":[37],"as":[38,84,100],"an":[39,101],"act":[40,102,120],"violence":[43,104],"against":[44,105],"women.":[45,106],"To":[46],"address":[47],"gap,":[49],"in-depth":[50],"interviews":[51],"were":[52],"conducted":[53],"with":[54,117],"27":[55],"aged":[57],"29":[58],"to":[59,119,121],"90":[60],"years":[61],"Siaya":[63],"County":[64],"Southwest":[66],"Kenya.":[67],"A":[68],"majority":[69],"participants":[71],"stated":[72],"cleansing":[74,99],"ritual":[75],"was":[76],"forcefully":[77],"initiated,":[78],"violently":[79],"fulfilled,":[80],"frequently":[82],"seen":[83],"rape.":[85],"Findings":[86],"from":[87],"study":[89],"necessitate":[90],"identification":[92],"cultural":[95],"widow":[98],"Doing":[107],"so":[108],"will":[109],"facilitate":[110],"creation":[112],"a":[114],"legal":[115],"framework":[116],"which":[118],"eliminate":[122],"practice.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-08-19T00:00:00"}