{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292158656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006","title":"Evading Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Network Intrusion Detection with Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Evading Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Network Intrusion Detection with Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292158656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3538969.3539006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608926","display_name":"International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042550145","display_name":"Mohamed Amine Merzouk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-6806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-6806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Merzouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178","https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069961095","display_name":"Jos\u00e9phine Delas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9phine Delas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178","https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000132048","display_name":"Christopher Neal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-8728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-8728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Neal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada and IRT SystemX, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178","https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074976207","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Cuppens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-2200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-2200","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2966-9683","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Cuppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110797100","display_name":"Nora Cuppens-Boulahia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-5347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-5347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora Boulahia-Cuppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033678853","display_name":"Reda Yaich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-5909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-5909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reda Yaich","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX, France","IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX (Institut de recherche technologique SystemX - 8 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68523785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.21369999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-intrusion-detection","display_name":"network intrusion detection","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-attacks","display_name":"adversarial attacks","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-examples","display_name":"adversarial examples","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"evasion","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgsm","display_name":"FGSM","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malicious-traffic","display_name":"malicious traffic","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-vulnerabilities","display_name":"neural network vulnerabilities","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8804621696472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7665160894393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7657192945480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6984429359436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6683409810066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6513735055923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6372477412223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.549439013004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.47174227237701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46891722083091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4654126465320587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3587471842765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3538969.3539006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3539006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608926","display_name":"International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04025173v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ARES 2022: The 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Aug 2022, Vienna, Austria. pp.1-6, &#x27E8;10.1145/3538969.3539006&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:51405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/51405/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Merzouk, M. A., Delas, J., Neal, C., Cuppens, F., Boulahia Cuppens, N., & Yaich, R. (2022, August). Evading deep reinforcement learning-based network intrusion detection with adversarial attacks [Paper]. 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2022), Vienna, Austria (6 pages).","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04025173v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ARES 2022: The 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Aug 2022, Vienna, Austria. pp.1-6, &#x27E8;10.1145/3538969.3539006&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6908018420","display_name":"SYSTEMX","funder_award_id":"ANR-10-AIRT-0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541509122","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2572659264","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2810408730","https://openalex.org/W2941205169","https://openalex.org/W2973862992","https://openalex.org/W3132977238","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4220719329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378841797","https://openalex.org/W4403212195","https://openalex.org/W4388103479","https://openalex.org/W7131413038","https://openalex.org/W2853623529","https://openalex.org/W3197410585","https://openalex.org/W4381322723","https://openalex.org/W2991722918","https://openalex.org/W4389513574","https://openalex.org/W3184395191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"Intrusion":[1],"Detection":[2],"System":[3],"(IDS)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,29,46,54,116],"detect":[7],"attacks":[8],"conducted":[9],"over":[10],"computer":[11],"networks":[12,37],"by":[13],"analyzing":[14],"traffic":[15],"data.":[16],"Deep":[17],"Reinforcement":[18],"Learning":[19],"(Deep-RL)":[20],"is":[21,41,99],"a":[22,51,70],"promising":[23],"lead":[24],"in":[25,101],"IDS":[26,73,114],"research,":[27],"due":[28],"its":[30],"lightness":[31],"and":[32,82,107],"adaptability.":[33],"However,":[34],"the":[35,67,76,92,95,102,109],"neural":[36],"on":[38],"which":[39],"Deep-RL":[40,72,96,113],"based":[42],"can":[43,59],"be":[44],"vulnerable":[45],"adversarial":[47,57,87,105,122],"attacks.":[48,88],"By":[49],"applying":[50],"well-computed":[52],"modification":[53],"malicious":[55],"traffic,":[56],"examples":[58,106],"evade":[60],"detection.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"test":[66],"performance":[68,93],"of":[69,94,104],"state-of-the-art":[71],"agent":[74,98],"against":[75],"Fast":[77],"Gradient":[78],"Sign":[79],"Method":[80,85],"(FGSM)":[81],"Basic":[83],"Iterative":[84],"(BIM)":[86],"We":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91],"detection":[97],"compromised":[100],"face":[103],"highlight":[108],"need":[110],"for":[111,119],"future":[112],"work":[115],"consider":[117],"mechanisms":[118],"coping":[120],"with":[121],"examples.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-08-18T00:00:00"}
