{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290715569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","title":"Semantic Modeling and Analysis of Natural Language System Requirements","display_name":"Semantic Modeling and Analysis of Natural Language System Requirements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290715569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09852230.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09852230.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020643103","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-7214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-7214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Mokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045611035","display_name":"Theodoros Nestoridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Nestoridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002757052","display_name":"Panagiotis Katsaros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Katsaros","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054575953","display_name":"Nick Bassiliades","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Bassiliades","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91956151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"84094","last_page":"84119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.39820000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.39820000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.2551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.16439999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-requirements","display_name":"system requirements","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-requirements","display_name":"natural language requirements","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-modeling","display_name":"semantic modeling","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-validation","display_name":"requirements validation","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-analysis","display_name":"semantic analysis","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-systems","display_name":"space systems","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-ontology","display_name":"domain ontology","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-inconsistency","display_name":"requirements inconsistency","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8461196422576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84651959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052506","display_name":"System requirements specification","level":2,"score":0.5925747156143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.5669642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5584179759025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5218314528465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5079455971717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.47032344341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.469956636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.46163225173950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4349944591522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.43263542652130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193125573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449065","display_name":"Semantic interpretation","level":2,"score":0.43210646510124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2619472146034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.18593263626098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.17909672856330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10663941502571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09852230.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77257b14a7b041929bb71749a800af5b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77257b14a7b041929bb71749a800af5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 84094-84119 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09852230.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1364539167","display_name":"FOUNDATIONS FOR CONTINUOUS ENGINEERING OF TRUSTWORTHY AUTONOMY","funder_award_id":"956123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8757108398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"956123 (FOCETA)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290715569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290715569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10189028","https://openalex.org/W99993651","https://openalex.org/W101311265","https://openalex.org/W113014154","https://openalex.org/W115116258","https://openalex.org/W157025182","https://openalex.org/W171095947","https://openalex.org/W181080331","https://openalex.org/W206207041","https://openalex.org/W1510206654","https://openalex.org/W1514533596","https://openalex.org/W1515312736","https://openalex.org/W1523562824","https://openalex.org/W1552203536","https://openalex.org/W1608439836","https://openalex.org/W1673127891","https://openalex.org/W1724495007","https://openalex.org/W1768317489","https://openalex.org/W1814780677","https://openalex.org/W1860632771","https://openalex.org/W1913969462","https://openalex.org/W1971138496","https://openalex.org/W1978796369","https://openalex.org/W1980693274","https://openalex.org/W1984696192","https://openalex.org/W1984808442","https://openalex.org/W1994705233","https://openalex.org/W1994950827","https://openalex.org/W1999534784","https://openalex.org/W2004959071","https://openalex.org/W2010698389","https://openalex.org/W2011334889","https://openalex.org/W2032897327","https://openalex.org/W2038735211","https://openalex.org/W2050625311","https://openalex.org/W2053935703","https://openalex.org/W2073934093","https://openalex.org/W2076132821","https://openalex.org/W2079568604","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2082043632","https://openalex.org/W2088809146","https://openalex.org/W2091604821","https://openalex.org/W2091923770","https://openalex.org/W2096143379","https://openalex.org/W2099738604","https://openalex.org/W2104217524","https://openalex.org/W2113383901","https://openalex.org/W2114457272","https://openalex.org/W2119678820","https://openalex.org/W2127845802","https://openalex.org/W2130175296","https://openalex.org/W2133797201","https://openalex.org/W2134344772","https://openalex.org/W2134524274","https://openalex.org/W2142767022","https://openalex.org/W2143600202","https://openalex.org/W2150916619","https://openalex.org/W2155687078","https://openalex.org/W2162545988","https://openalex.org/W2168915271","https://openalex.org/W2172190661","https://openalex.org/W2174114193","https://openalex.org/W2182849240","https://openalex.org/W2202382099","https://openalex.org/W2223028115","https://openalex.org/W2395839218","https://openalex.org/W2401678132","https://openalex.org/W2402957846","https://openalex.org/W2405007347","https://openalex.org/W2502511806","https://openalex.org/W2537683128","https://openalex.org/W2592716329","https://openalex.org/W2742402112","https://openalex.org/W2883923596","https://openalex.org/W2919615109","https://openalex.org/W2921014429","https://openalex.org/W2941052600","https://openalex.org/W2950176007","https://openalex.org/W3013096135","https://openalex.org/W4206125625","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4233571851","https://openalex.org/W4241634734","https://openalex.org/W4250680218","https://openalex.org/W6681319895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029433454","https://openalex.org/W2586248864","https://openalex.org/W2061352860","https://openalex.org/W2079865318","https://openalex.org/W2101044066","https://openalex.org/W3135713572","https://openalex.org/W1210311764","https://openalex.org/W1570341932","https://openalex.org/W4409287351","https://openalex.org/W2375205672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System":[0],"requirements":[1,46,108],"specify":[2],"how":[3],"a":[4,11,35,79,85,98,132,169],"system":[5,16,53,127,178],"meets":[6],"stakeholder":[7],"needs.":[8],"They":[9],"are":[10,47,155],"partial":[12],"definition":[13,109],"of":[14,66,90,93,125,134,161,172,185,192,204,214],"the":[15,45,52,91,94,107,123,126,139,143,159,166,176,189,202,205,212,215],"under":[17,128],"design":[18],"in":[19,26,51,68,122,207],"natural":[20,30],"language":[21,31],"that":[22,197],"may":[23,62],"be":[24,76],"restricted":[25],"syntax":[27],"terms.":[28],"Any":[29],"specification":[32,60,99,145],"inevitably":[33],"lacks":[34],"unique":[36],"interpretation":[37,81],"and":[38,42,56,71,119],"includes":[39],"underspecified":[40],"terms":[41,111],"inconsistencies.":[43],"If":[44],"not":[48],"validated":[49],"early":[50],"development":[54],"cycle":[55],"refined,":[57],"as":[58,146,148,180,182],"needed,":[59],"flaws":[61],"cause":[63],"costly":[64],"cycles":[65],"corrections":[67],"design,":[69],"implementation":[70],"testing.":[72],"However,":[73],"validation":[74],"should":[75],"based":[77],"on":[78,218],"consistent":[80],"with":[82,115],"respect":[83],"to":[84,110,157],"rigorously":[86],"defined":[87,117],"semantic":[88,120,135],"context":[89],"domain":[92,124,220],"system.":[95],"We":[96,164],"propose":[97],"approach":[100,187,206],"that,":[101],"while":[102],"sufficiently":[103],"expressive,":[104],"it":[105],"restricts":[106],"from":[112,168,175,188],"an":[113,183,208],"ontology":[114],"precisely":[116],"concepts":[118],"relationships":[121],"design.":[129],"This":[130],"enables":[131],"series":[133],"analyses,":[136],"which":[137],"guide":[138],"engineer":[140],"towards":[141],"improving":[142],"requirement":[144,195],"well":[147,181],"eliciting":[149],"tacit":[150],"knowledge.":[151],"The":[152,194],"problems":[153],"addressed":[154],"prerequisites":[156],"enable":[158],"derivation":[160],"verifiable":[162],"specifications.":[163],"present":[165],"results":[167],"case":[170],"study":[171],"modest":[173],"size":[174],"space":[177],"domain,":[179],"evaluation":[184],"our":[186],"user\u2019s":[190],"point":[191],"view.":[193],"types":[196],"have":[198],"been":[199],"covered":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"applicability":[203],"industrial":[209],"context,":[210],"although":[211],"effectiveness":[213],"analysis":[216],"depends":[217],"pre-existing":[219],"ontologies.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-08-09T00:00:00"}
