{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290615798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in use of chemical restraint in the emergency department","display_name":"Racial and ethnic disparities in use of chemical restraint in the emergency department","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290615798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35934988","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9771988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/acem.14579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171705774","display_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1069-6563","issn":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9771988","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017596951","display_name":"Leah Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-6947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-6947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033836169","display_name":"Laura D. Cramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5044-9790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5044-9790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura D. Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014744122","display_name":"Jessica M. Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-1507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-1507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica M. Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville FL USA","Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville FL USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062317925","display_name":"Taylor K. Brashear","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taylor K. Brashear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joan &amp; Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joan &amp; Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012399502","display_name":"Isaac K. Agboola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac K. Agboola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022641703","display_name":"Steven L. Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-7036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-7036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven L. Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109921699","display_name":"Richard Andrew Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Andrew Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015055208","display_name":"Ambrose Hon-Wai Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-1647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-1647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ambrose H. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-1647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015055208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93561769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"12","first_page":"1496","last_page":"1499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.7734000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.7734000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.11219999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.06949999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-disparities","display_name":"ethnic disparities","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-restraint","display_name":"chemical restraint","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department","display_name":"emergency department","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seclusion","display_name":"seclusion","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restraint-use","display_name":"restraint use","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"patient safety","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9632872343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7662001848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.7417417764663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4757765829563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4629557728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.43670111894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1408444046974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0450797975063324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/acem.14579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171705774","display_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1069-6563","issn":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35934988","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35934988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9771988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9771988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acad Emerg Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9771988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9771988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acad Emerg Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1594509088","display_name":"Characterizing Bias and Care Disparities with Physical Restraint Use in the Emergency Setting Using Natural Language and Cognitive Data","funder_award_id":"R21MD017327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7849038850","display_name":"Clinical Decision Support Tool to Assess Risk and Prevent Agitation Events","funder_award_id":"K23MH126366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000905448","display_name":"Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001863","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000918661","display_name":"Institutional Career Development Core","funder_award_id":"KL2TR001862","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103303373","https://openalex.org/W2125055618","https://openalex.org/W2130649501","https://openalex.org/W2237876669","https://openalex.org/W2295360223","https://openalex.org/W2553867843","https://openalex.org/W2884852222","https://openalex.org/W2885279096","https://openalex.org/W3002253806","https://openalex.org/W3038457588","https://openalex.org/W3121793698","https://openalex.org/W4295974821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387035312","https://openalex.org/W4389047808","https://openalex.org/W4313830086","https://openalex.org/W4395464825","https://openalex.org/W4384561081","https://openalex.org/W4408661528","https://openalex.org/W4200476062","https://openalex.org/W4297524036","https://openalex.org/W3044226243","https://openalex.org/W4413476834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12],"authors":[1],"declare":[2],"no":[3],"potential":[4],"conflict":[5],"of":[6,22],"interest.":[7],"Table":[8],"S1":[9],"Please":[10],"note:":[11],"publisher":[13],"is":[14],"not":[15],"responsible":[16],"for":[17,43],"the":[18,28,40,44],"content":[19],"or":[20],"functionality":[21],"any":[23],"supporting":[24],"information":[25],"supplied":[26],"by":[27],"authors.":[29],"Any":[30],"queries":[31],"(other":[32],"than":[33],"missing":[34],"content)":[35],"should":[36],"be":[37],"directed":[38],"to":[39],"corresponding":[41],"author":[42],"article.":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-08-08T00:00:00"}
