{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290207895","doi":null,"title":"Rationale for clinical use of immunotoxins in cancer and autoimmune disease.","display_name":"Rationale for clinical use of immunotoxins in cancer and autoimmune disease.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290207895","mag":"60314696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1954344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1954344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1954344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in cell biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109880199","display_name":"Vera S. Byers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144255","display_name":"XOMA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03dc7cm27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144255"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V S Byers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xoma Corporation, Berkeley, CA 94710"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xoma Corporation, Berkeley, CA 94710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108382892","display_name":"Robert W. Baldwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R W Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58846496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotoxins","display_name":"immunotoxins","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin-a-chain","display_name":"ricin A chain","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graft-versus-host-disease","display_name":"graft-versus-host disease","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow-transplantation","display_name":"bone marrow transplantation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukemia","display_name":"leukemia","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphoma","display_name":"lymphoma","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-tumors","display_name":"solid tumors","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanoma","display_name":"melanoma","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-penetration","display_name":"tumor penetration","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigenic-diversity","display_name":"antigenic diversity","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-cocktail","display_name":"antibody cocktail","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd5","display_name":"CD5","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115085202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425665","display_name":"Immunotoxin","level":4,"score":0.9917449951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408668","display_name":"Ricin","level":3,"score":0.7831960916519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.6599751114845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5554606318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5207405090332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5014920234680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.498929500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208414","display_name":"Lymphoma","level":2,"score":0.47416749596595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.4638322591781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4357760548591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778461978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29496","display_name":"Leukemia","level":2,"score":0.42761659622192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3214993476867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1845073401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.17565885186195374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14637622237205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000922","descriptor_name":"Immunotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001327","descriptor_name":"Autoimmune Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006086","descriptor_name":"Graft vs Host Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012276","descriptor_name":"Ricin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016026","descriptor_name":"Bone Marrow Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1954344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1954344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in cell biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:60314696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1954344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111011753","display_name":"Seminars in Cell Biology","issn_l":"1043-4682","issn":["1043-4682","1522-967X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320479","host_organization_name":"Saunders","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320479","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Saunders","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in Cell Biology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243155851","https://openalex.org/W830574597","https://openalex.org/W307078646","https://openalex.org/W1996601417","https://openalex.org/W1992001022","https://openalex.org/W2416224132","https://openalex.org/W2080761735","https://openalex.org/W2411988370","https://openalex.org/W4253458879","https://openalex.org/W2416795400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immunotoxins":[0,63],"constructed":[1,30],"by":[2],"conjugating":[3],"monoclonal":[4,69],"antibodies":[5],"to":[6,53,59,68,122,163,168,186],"plant":[7],"and":[8,21,34,108,133,154,180],"bacterial":[9],"toxin":[10],"molecules":[11],"are":[12],"being":[13,142],"evaluated":[14],"clinically":[15],"for":[16],"the":[17,73,115,124,127,181],"treatment":[18,130,146,170],"of":[19,99,102,117,126,131,147,175,183,190],"cancer":[20,153],"as":[22,97,151],"immunosuppressive":[23],"agents":[24],"in":[25,35,57,83,91,106,166],"treating":[26,84],"autoimmune":[27],"diseases.":[28],"Immunoconjugates":[29],"with":[31,47,56,72,139],"ricin":[32,39,65],"A-chain":[33,66],"certain":[36],"indications,":[37],"whole":[38],"have":[40],"been":[41],"most":[42,81],"extensively":[43],"investigated.":[44],"The":[45],"experience":[46],"these":[48],"immunotoxins":[49],"has":[50,79,157],"highlighted":[51],"issues":[52],"be":[54,164],"dealt":[55],"order":[58,167],"improve":[60,169],"therapeutic":[61],"efficacy.":[62],"containing":[64],"conjugated":[67],"antibody":[70,184],"reacting":[71],"CD5":[74],"molecule":[75],"on":[76],"T":[77],"lymphocytes":[78],"proved":[80,160],"efficacious":[82],"acute":[85],"graft":[86],"versus":[87],"host":[88],"disease":[89],"(aGvHD)":[90],"patients":[92],"receiving":[93],"bone":[94],"marrow":[95],"transplants":[96],"part":[98],"a":[100,118],"regimen":[101],"high":[103],"dose":[104],"chemotherapy":[105],"leukaemias":[107,132],"lymphomas.":[109],"This":[110],"involved":[111],"immunotoxin":[112],"used":[113],"after":[114],"onset":[116],"GvHD":[119],"or":[120],"prophylactically":[121],"reduce":[123],"development":[125],"condition.":[128],"Immunotoxin":[129],"lymphomas":[134],"is":[135],"also":[136],"showing":[137],"promise":[138],"clinical":[140],"responses":[141],"observed.":[143],"In":[144],"comparison,":[145],"solid":[148],"cancers":[149],"such":[150],"colorectal":[152],"malignant":[155],"melanoma":[156],"not":[158],"yet":[159],"effective.":[161],"Factors":[162],"resolved":[165],"include":[171],"better":[172],"pharmacokinetic":[173],"properties":[174],"immunotoxins,":[176],"improved":[177],"tumour":[178],"penetration":[179],"use":[182],"cocktails":[185],"accommodate":[187],"antigenic":[188],"heterogeneity":[189],"tumours.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-08-07T00:00:00"}
