{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289976585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","title":"Health Professionals\u2019 Hand Hygiene Best Practice on Infection and Resistance Reduction at District Health Facilities, Cameroon","display_name":"Health Professionals\u2019 Hand Hygiene Best Practice on Infection and Resistance Reduction at District Health Facilities, Cameroon","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289976585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","pdf_url":"https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210604.17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186732","display_name":"World Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2637-6040","issn":["2637-6040","2637-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210604.17.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007952203","display_name":"C\u00e9cile Ingrid Djuikoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-8950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-8950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279418767","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Montagnes","ror":"https://ror.org/027n9q071","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279418767"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9cile Ingrid Djuikoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon","Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279418767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096577506","display_name":"Grace Wanda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimga Wanda Grace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074624518","display_name":"Meyoupo Penda Audrey Armandine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meyoupo Penda Audrey Armandine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108272598","display_name":"Omer Tchikamgoua Njajou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Tchikamgoua Njajou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035569270","display_name":"Alex St\u00e9phane Ndjip Ndjock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-420X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-420X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Stephane Ndjip Ndjock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention and Control Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009296270","display_name":"Venant Tchokonte-Nana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-3735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-3735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279418767","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Montagnes","ror":"https://ror.org/027n9q071","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279418767"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venant Tchokonte-Nana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279418767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083589204","display_name":"Benjamin Longo\u2010Mbenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-6296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-6296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Longo-Mbenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South of Africa","Faculty of Public Health, LOMO University of Reseach, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South of Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Public Health, LOMO University of Reseach, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053474176","display_name":"Eugene Jamot Ndebia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-0715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-0715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eug\u00e8ne Ndebia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South of Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South of Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"181","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11080","display_name":"Surgical site infection prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene-compliance","display_name":"hand hygiene compliance","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-nails","display_name":"artificial nails","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jewelry","display_name":"jewelry","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-education","display_name":"health education","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cameroon","display_name":"Cameroon","score":0.6690000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.8393658399581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7407891750335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5599861741065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Hand washing","level":3,"score":0.5456621646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.48565518856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4795786440372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4573289155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.41201460361480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.355781227350235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3254014253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2774456739425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.20972484350204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1088632345199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","pdf_url":"https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210604.17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186732","display_name":"World Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2637-6040","issn":["2637-6040","2637-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210604.17","pdf_url":"https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210604.17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186732","display_name":"World Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2637-6040","issn":["2637-6040","2637-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289976585.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289976585.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970251879","https://openalex.org/W2042625540","https://openalex.org/W2057228556","https://openalex.org/W2065816629","https://openalex.org/W2140084904","https://openalex.org/W2577289748","https://openalex.org/W2790455796","https://openalex.org/W2890495524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410922543","https://openalex.org/W7163917169","https://openalex.org/W2069584286","https://openalex.org/W1479831346","https://openalex.org/W2971603304","https://openalex.org/W7077071354","https://openalex.org/W3007795074","https://openalex.org/W2022402686","https://openalex.org/W2416166534","https://openalex.org/W2990756948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hospital-based":[0],"hand":[1,23,53,124,140,223,229],"hygiene":[2,24,54,125,141,230],"measures":[3,55,231],"and":[4,16,34,41,57,113,134,146,157,182,191,248,257,269],"best":[5,25,58,232],"practice":[6,233],"have":[7],"been":[8],"empirically":[9],"proven":[10],"to":[11,89,108,251,264],"prevent":[12],"cross-transmission":[13],"of":[14,66,115,128,144,160,194,203,222],"infection":[15,33,255],"resistance":[17,35,272],"spreading.":[18],"Little":[19],"is":[20],"documented":[21],"on":[22,84],"practices":[26,59],"in":[27,43,274],"reducing":[28],"pathogenic":[29,61],"micro-organisms":[30],"transmission":[31],"dynamic,":[32],"spread":[36,273],"at":[37,49,69,117,237],"district/community":[38],"health":[39,51,95,100,136,235,239,249],"facilities":[40,137,240],"hospitals":[42],"Cameroon.":[44,74,275],"Our":[45],"study":[46,77,226],"thus,":[47],"aimed":[48],"evaluating":[50],"workers":[52,96],"compliance":[56,111,126,142,221],"against":[60],"infections":[62],"over":[63],"a":[64],"period":[65],"seven":[67],"months":[68],"Nylon":[70,99],"Health":[71],"District,":[72],"Douala,":[73],"A":[75,102],"cross-sectional":[76],"using":[78],"an":[79],"observation":[80],"grid":[81],"analysis":[82],"based":[83],"WHO":[85],"protocol":[86],"was":[87,106,131,241],"used":[88],"collect":[90],"samples":[91],"from":[92,97],"155":[93],"consented":[94],"eight":[98],"facilities.":[101],"univariate":[103],"logistic":[104],"regression":[105],"performed":[107],"define":[109],"the":[110,151,158,161,164,192,216,220,253],"rates":[112,143],"assessment":[114],"indicators":[116],"95%":[118,176,186,209],"confidence":[119],"interval":[120],"(CI).":[121],"An":[122],"overall":[123],"rate":[127],"7.74%":[129],"(12/155)":[130],"observed.":[132],"Public":[133],"private":[135],"had":[138,150],"similar":[139],"7.69%":[145],"7.84%":[147],"respectively.":[148],"Doctors":[149],"most":[152,165],"nails":[153,159,198,202],"within":[154],"0.5":[155],"cm/":[156],"midwives":[162],"were":[163,215],"varnished":[166],"and/or":[167,196,201],"artificial":[168,197],"nails.":[169],"Professional":[170],"qualifications":[171],"(state":[172],"certified":[173],"nurse/midwives":[174],"(OR=10.74;":[175],"CI":[177,185,210],"OR":[178,187,211],"[1.22;":[179],"94.43];":[180],"p-value=0.03)":[181],"doctors":[183],"(OR=8.38;":[184],"[1.67;":[188],"41.95];":[189],"p-value=0.01))":[190],"wearing":[193],"jewellery":[195],"or":[199],"varnish,":[200],"size>5":[204],"mm":[205],"during":[206],"treatment":[207],"(OR=0.16;":[208],"[0.03;":[212],"0.97];":[213],"p-value=0.04)":[214],"factors":[217],"significantly":[218],"influencing":[219],"washing.":[224],"This":[225],"shows":[227],"that":[228],"amongst":[234],"staff":[236],"district":[238],"low":[242],"which":[243],"calls":[244],"for":[245],"urgent":[246],"awareness":[247],"education":[250],"reinforce":[252],"hospital\u2019s":[254],"prevention":[256],"control":[258],"standards":[259],"training":[260],"activities":[261],"so":[262],"as":[263],"improve":[265],"quality":[266],"care":[267],"delivery":[268],"reduce":[270],"antimicrobial":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-08-06T00:00:00"}
