{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289937862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burden Among Unaccompanied Minors in US Custody","display_name":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burden Among Unaccompanied Minors in US Custody","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289937862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35929668","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9384626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cid/ciac636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9384626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045853865","display_name":"Carlo Foppiano Palacios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2698-981X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2698-981X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Foppiano Palacios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2698-981X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034918179","display_name":"Elizabeth W. Tucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-3635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-3635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth W Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026256846","display_name":"Mark A. Travassos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-3322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-3322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark A Travassos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-3322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026256846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66731686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"3","first_page":"e101","last_page":"e107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.031300000846385956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unaccompanied-minors","display_name":"unaccompanied minors","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-detention","display_name":"refugee detention","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asylum-seekers","display_name":"asylum seekers","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/office-of-refugee-resettlement","display_name":"Office of Refugee Resettlement","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-and-customs-enforcement","display_name":"Immigration and Customs Enforcement","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detention-centers","display_name":"detention centers","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-positivity-rate","display_name":"positivity rate","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-detention","display_name":"long-term detention","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease-outbreaks","display_name":"infectious disease outbreaks","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distancing","display_name":"social distancing","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination","display_name":"vaccination","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.7982173562049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7726911306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.6167782545089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.528310239315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.4990878105163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.47812333703041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564811","display_name":"Asylum seeker","level":3,"score":0.4726867973804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4182712733745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4042240083217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.3905008137226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.367496132850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36026108264923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2962381839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.16981086134910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1406378448009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10296785831451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0853625237941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004641","descriptor_name":"Emigration and Immigration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012036","descriptor_name":"Refugees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014171","descriptor_name":"Transients and Migrants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cid/ciac636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9384626","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9384626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35929668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35929668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9384626","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9384626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1774129246","display_name":"Novel Imaging and host-directed therapy in pediatric CNS TB","funder_award_id":"K08AI139371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2189018100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K08-AI139371-A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2787289021","https://openalex.org/W2982007158","https://openalex.org/W3003898178","https://openalex.org/W3010233963","https://openalex.org/W3031169753","https://openalex.org/W3083985591","https://openalex.org/W3097218888","https://openalex.org/W3097908037","https://openalex.org/W3115339481","https://openalex.org/W3123243810","https://openalex.org/W3165582936","https://openalex.org/W3189278385","https://openalex.org/W3207614514","https://openalex.org/W4224923726","https://openalex.org/W6778688481","https://openalex.org/W6784676937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297464266","https://openalex.org/W3097908037","https://openalex.org/W4213103569","https://openalex.org/W4380577382","https://openalex.org/W3049681570","https://openalex.org/W4318926214","https://openalex.org/W4318925525","https://openalex.org/W4392712576","https://openalex.org/W7161830507","https://openalex.org/W3120559747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Before":[1],"the":[2,46,53,56,70,78,96,130,208,242,245],"coronavirus":[3],"disease":[4,23,49],"2019":[5],"(COVID-19)":[6],"pandemic,":[7],"crowded":[8],"and":[9,36,41,89,166,230,234],"unsanitary":[10],"living":[11],"conditions":[12],"lacking":[13],"medical":[14],"expertise":[15],"made":[16],"US":[17],"detention":[18,167,173,213,235],"centers":[19],"hotbeds":[20],"for":[21,227],"infectious":[22],"outbreaks.":[24],"There":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27,64],"30":[28],"000":[29],"COVID-19":[30,73],"cases,":[31],"positivity":[32,132,140,199],"rates":[33,141],"exceeding":[34],"50%,":[35],"9":[37],"deaths":[38],"in":[39,92,153,159,168,191],"Immigration":[40],"Customs":[42],"Enforcement":[43],"custody,":[44],"but":[45],"extent":[47],"of":[48,55,58,72,87,107,110,187,210,244],"among":[50,74,232],"children":[51],"under":[52,77],"care":[54],"Office":[57],"Refugee":[59],"Resettlement":[60],"(ORR)":[61],"has":[62],"not":[63],"well-documented.":[65],"We":[66,82],"sought":[67],"to":[68,102,125,206,240],"evaluate":[69],"burden":[71],"unaccompanied":[75,216],"minors":[76],"ORR's":[79],"responsibility.":[80],"METHODS:":[81],"analyzed":[83],"SARS-CoV-2":[84,119,131,197,211],"testing":[85,152],"results":[86],"refugees":[88],"asylum":[90],"seekers":[91],"facilities":[93,116,214],"associated":[94,137],"with":[95,138,175],"ORR":[97,115],"from":[98,121],"February":[99],"1,":[100],"2020,":[101,105,124],"November":[103,126],"18,":[104,127],"courtesy":[106],"a":[108,160,163,176],"Freedom":[109],"Information":[111],"Act":[112],"request.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"performed":[117],"7132":[118],"tests":[120,189],"March":[122],"13,":[123],"2020.":[128],"Overall,":[129],"rate":[133,200],"was":[134,179],"13.4%.":[135],"Factors":[136],"higher":[139],"were":[142,190],"age":[143],"group":[144],"(16-17":[145],"years":[146],"old);":[147],"identifying":[148],"as":[149],"male;":[150],"undergoing":[151],"April,":[154],"August,":[155],"or":[156],"September;":[157],"staying":[158],"for-profit":[161,223],"versus":[162],"nonprofit":[164],"facility;":[165],"certain":[169],"facilities.":[170],"The":[171,195],"mean":[172],"time":[174],"positive":[177,188],"test":[178,198],"14.8":[180],"\u00b1":[181],"3.2":[182],"days.":[183],"Greater":[184],"than":[185],"10%":[186],"long-term":[192],"detainees.":[193],"CONCLUSIONS:":[194],"high":[196],"raises":[201],"concerns":[202],"about":[203],"an":[204],"inability":[205],"limit":[207,241],"spread":[209,243],"within":[212],"housing":[215],"migrant":[217],"children,":[218],"particularly":[219],"those":[220],"run":[221],"by":[222],"companies.":[224],"Mandated":[225],"measures":[226],"social":[228],"distancing":[229],"vaccination":[231],"detainees":[233],"facility":[236],"employees":[237],"are":[238],"needed":[239],"virus.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-08-06T00:00:00"}