{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289712119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211","title":"Small Reactors in Microgrids: Technoeconomic Analysis","display_name":"Small Reactors in Microgrids: Technoeconomic Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289712119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/1879211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1879211","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007259469","display_name":"Bikash Poudel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800102766","display_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty2a548","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800102766","https://openalex.org/I2801818860"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bikash Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800102766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035814886","display_name":"Timothy McJunkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-9170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-9170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800102766","display_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty2a548","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800102766","https://openalex.org/I2801818860"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy McJunkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-9170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800102766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071240022","display_name":"Ning Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-3733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-3733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800102766","display_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty2a548","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800102766","https://openalex.org/I2801818860"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-3733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800102766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Reilly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reilly Associates (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reilly Associates (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006187331","display_name":"Michael St\u00e4dler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-311X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-311X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3689-4256"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Stadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["XENDEE Corporation, La Jolla, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-311X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XENDEE Corporation, La Jolla, CA (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-modular-reactors","display_name":"small modular reactors","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microreactors","display_name":"microreactors","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrids","display_name":"microgrids","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-competitiveness","display_name":"cost competitiveness","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-costs","display_name":"capital costs","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax","display_name":"carbon tax","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint-reduction","display_name":"carbon footprint reduction","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-generation-mix","display_name":"electricity mix","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-generator","display_name":"gas generator","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy-models","display_name":"proxy models","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.6424723267555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5336151123046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.5229516625404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.520520806312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101433766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543263","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","level":2,"score":0.5010030269622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.45649874210357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4164828062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.381893128156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3610435128211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2777196764945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18428128957748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.18121066689491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12298122048377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/1879211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1879211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1879211","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879211","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1879211","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1879211","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879211","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1879211","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1187630603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC07-05-ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332364","funder_display_name":"Office of Nuclear Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G127156130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE AC07\u201305ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2873784832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC0705ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G594963403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC07 - 05ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333921","funder_display_name":"Idaho Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6049626313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC07-05ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333916","funder_display_name":"Office of Electricity"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6757593912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC07-05ID14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332364","funder_display_name":"Office of Nuclear Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332364","display_name":"Office of Nuclear Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj7dm33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333916","display_name":"Office of Electricity","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333921","display_name":"Idaho Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289712119.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289712119.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297003100","https://openalex.org/W3181522941","https://openalex.org/W3189205404","https://openalex.org/W3213814103","https://openalex.org/W3217614508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313180258","https://openalex.org/W4383893249","https://openalex.org/W4367299550","https://openalex.org/W3213814103","https://openalex.org/W7124867292","https://openalex.org/W4367046799","https://openalex.org/W2531392636","https://openalex.org/W4317598272","https://openalex.org/W3170982812","https://openalex.org/W4297519264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,32],"report":[1,56,73],"presents":[2],"the":[3,12,46,67,96,124,128,139,148],"results":[4,65],"of":[5,11,14,91,151,163],"technoeconomic":[6],"analysis":[7,33,70],"that":[8,48,75],"advances":[9],"understanding":[10],"potential":[13,89],"small":[15,24],"modular":[16],"reactors":[17,25],"and":[18,51,66,147,165],"microreactors,":[19],"collectively":[20],"referred":[21],"to":[22,137],"as":[23,158],"(SRs)":[26],"in":[27,30,42,53,59,71,93,115,122],"this":[28,72],"report,":[29],"microgrids.":[31],"was":[34],"conducted":[35],"using":[36],"a":[37,54,79,119,161],"proxy":[38],"model":[39],"for":[40,144],"SR":[41],"microgrids":[43,116],"based":[44],"on":[45,101],"datapoints":[47],"were":[49],"identified":[50],"explored":[52],"predecessor":[55],"\u201cSmall":[57],"Reactors":[58],"Microgrids:":[60],"Technical":[61],"Studies":[62],"Guidance.\u201d":[63],"The":[64],"subsequent":[68],"comparative":[69],"show":[74],"SRs":[76,104,114,159],"could":[77],"be":[78,106],"cost-competitive":[80],"generation":[81,152],"option":[82],"when":[83],"capital":[84],"costs":[85],"are":[86],"modeled":[87],"considering":[88],"economies":[90],"scale":[92],"sizing.":[94],"If":[95],"CO2":[97],"tax":[98],"is":[99,134],"imposed":[100],"carbon":[102,125],"fuels,":[103],"would":[105,117],"even":[107],"more":[108],"attractive":[109],"than":[110],"gas":[111],"generators.":[112],"Then,":[113],"play":[118],"pivotal":[120],"role":[121],"reducing":[123],"footprint":[126],"at":[127],"local":[129],"distribution":[130],"level.":[131],"However,":[132],"it":[133],"particularly":[135],"important":[136],"identify":[138],"most":[140],"suitable":[141],"use":[142],"cases":[143],"early":[145],"adoption":[146],"right":[149],"balance":[150],"mix":[153],"with":[154],"other":[155],"clean":[156],"technologies":[157],"achieve":[160],"level":[162],"technological":[164],"financial":[166],"maturity.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-08-04T00:00:00"}
