{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289537360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","title":"Unnecessary Cesarean Section Delivery Causes Risk to Both Mother and Baby: A Commentary on Pregnancy Complications and Women\u2019s Health","display_name":"Unnecessary Cesarean Section Delivery Causes Risk to Both Mother and Baby: A Commentary on Pregnancy Complications and Women\u2019s Health","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289537360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35920002","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9358345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00469580221116004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00469580221116004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1032855054","display_name":"INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","issn_l":"0046-9580","issn":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00469580221116004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083550960","display_name":"Zabun Nahar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-9529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-9529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabun Nahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091152625","display_name":"Md. Sohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-2284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-2284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Sohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-2284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076056592","display_name":"Md. Jamal Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-207X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-207X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138617543","display_name":"State University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/01g14tq52","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138617543"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Jamal Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-207X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138617543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084769915","display_name":"Md. Rabiul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Rabiul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084769915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":null,"first_page":"469580221116004","last_page":"469580221116004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unnecessary-cesarean-section","display_name":"unnecessary cesarean section","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section-rate","display_name":"cesarean section rate","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-hospitals","display_name":"private hospitals","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-care","display_name":"prenatal care","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-health","display_name":"maternal health","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-outcomes","display_name":"neonatal outcomes","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-delivery","display_name":"institutional delivery","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-vaginal-delivery","display_name":"normal delivery","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.9879999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.7638580799102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6863821744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6797764301300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018031340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786626","display_name":"Maternal morbidity","level":3,"score":0.53785240650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5197229385375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992027277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48995773","display_name":"High risk pregnancy","level":3,"score":0.4894017279148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020128735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228036","display_name":"Cesarean delivery","level":3,"score":0.48335546255111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983493262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786626","display_name":"Maternal health","level":4,"score":0.4407055079936981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.17950192093849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.12843704223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09707632660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009035","descriptor_name":"Mothers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011248","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00469580221116004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00469580221116004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1032855054","display_name":"INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","issn_l":"0046-9580","issn":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35920002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35920002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9358345","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9358345/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe81c056b6d24016bba4f57d29e4fd45","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe81c056b6d24016bba4f57d29e4fd45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, Vol 59 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00469580221116004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00469580221116004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1032855054","display_name":"INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","issn_l":"0046-9580","issn":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289537360.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575105079","https://openalex.org/W1965227855","https://openalex.org/W1983185938","https://openalex.org/W2090308743","https://openalex.org/W2127667161","https://openalex.org/W2418979296","https://openalex.org/W2891442850","https://openalex.org/W2946638687","https://openalex.org/W2991048570","https://openalex.org/W3136417048","https://openalex.org/W3149668913","https://openalex.org/W3160359334","https://openalex.org/W3164795971","https://openalex.org/W3174700196","https://openalex.org/W3175079430","https://openalex.org/W3178289086","https://openalex.org/W3180382854","https://openalex.org/W3182193415","https://openalex.org/W3197988231","https://openalex.org/W3198941329","https://openalex.org/W3204752253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410330986","https://openalex.org/W4413344736","https://openalex.org/W7214750407","https://openalex.org/W3180382854","https://openalex.org/W2769415561","https://openalex.org/W2891442850","https://openalex.org/W4408906993","https://openalex.org/W3033647344","https://openalex.org/W2947623457","https://openalex.org/W2980946530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,62],"Bangladesh,":[1,63],"3.6":[2],"million":[3],"babies":[4],"are":[5,30,35,69,86],"born":[6],"each":[7],"year.":[8],"But":[9],"the":[10,41,59,74,79,82,139,153,182,191,195],"country":[11],"is":[12,45,53,146],"now":[13],"facing":[14],"a":[15,98,178],"quickly":[16],"rising":[17],"rate":[18,42,52],"of":[19,27,43,73,81,142,161,184,194],"cesarean":[20],"section":[21],"(C-section)":[22],"utilization.":[23],"Here":[24],"about":[25],"50%":[26],"total":[28],"deliveries":[29],"institutional.":[31],"Among":[32],"them,":[33],"two-thirds":[34],"in":[36,58,144],"private":[37,67,99,117],"care":[38,96],"facilities,":[39],"where":[40],"C-sections":[44,185],"very":[46],"high":[47,140],"(83%).":[48],"The":[49,127],"present":[50],"C-section":[51,71,91,113,120,129,143,162],"2.5":[54],"times":[55],"higher":[56],"than":[57],"previous":[60],"decades.":[61],"many":[64,116],"physicians":[65],"from":[66,97],"facilities":[68,163],"recommending":[70],"regardless":[72],"mother's":[75],"physical":[76,192],"condition":[77,193],"and":[78,104,136,164,186,197],"position":[80],"fetus.":[83,198],"Therefore,":[84,152],"mothers":[85],"more":[87],"likely":[88],"to":[89,123,133],"choose":[90],"delivery":[92,121,130,188],"who":[93],"receive":[94],"antenatal":[95],"facility.":[100,173],"Moreover,":[101],"several":[102],"socio-economic":[103],"demographic":[105],"factors":[106],"might":[107],"be":[108],"responsible":[109],"for":[110,167,181],"these":[111],"increased":[112],"deliveries.":[114],"Also,":[115,138,174],"hospitals":[118],"prefer":[119],"due":[122],"their":[124],"profit-making":[125],"tendency.":[126],"unnecessary":[128],"causes":[131],"risk":[132],"both":[134],"mother":[135,196],"baby":[137],"prevalence":[141],"Bangladesh":[145],"putting":[147],"women's":[148],"health":[149,172],"at":[150,170],"risk.":[151],"government":[154],"healthcare":[155],"authorities":[156],"should":[157],"ensure":[158],"proper":[159],"utilization":[160],"encourage":[165],"people":[166],"normal":[168,187],"births":[169],"any":[171],"they":[175],"can":[176],"develop":[177],"national":[179],"guideline":[180],"use":[183],"depending":[189],"on":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-08-03T00:00:00"}