{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289530126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","title":"Shadow Education from Shadows to the Light: Case of Basic High Schools in Turkey","display_name":"Shadow Education from Shadows to the Light: Case of Basic High Schools in Turkey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289530126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15390/eb.2022.11222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","pdf_url":"http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/download/11222/3402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220344","display_name":"TED E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE B\u0130L\u0130M","issn_l":"1300-1337","issn":["1300-1337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/download/11222/3402","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046389998","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ta\u015ft\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121596126","display_name":"Aksaray University","ror":"https://ror.org/026db3d50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121596126"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zlem Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ta\u015ft\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aksaray \u00dcniversitesi, E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi, E\u011fitim Bilimleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aksaray \u00dcniversitesi, E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi, E\u011fitim Bilimleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121596126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035665669","display_name":"Cennet Engin Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-5182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-5182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cennet Engin Demir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi, E\u011fitim Bilimleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-5182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi, E\u011fitim Bilimleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88390306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"211","first_page":"139","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13566","display_name":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13566","display_name":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-education","display_name":"shadow education","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-tutoring-centers","display_name":"private tutoring centers","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-entrance-examination","display_name":"college entrance examination","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-to-the-test","display_name":"teaching to the test","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-fees","display_name":"school fees","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankara","display_name":"Ankara","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6762235164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6262636780738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5433952808380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5112853050231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779175122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3309206","display_name":"Basic education","level":2,"score":0.4721676707267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.46479150652885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017714297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3238833","display_name":"Private school","level":2,"score":0.42735588550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4255464971065521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38294655084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3588472604751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3438420295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2973465919494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27991634607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1530006229877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11739522218704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15390/eb.2022.11222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","pdf_url":"http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/download/11222/3402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220344","display_name":"TED E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE B\u0130L\u0130M","issn_l":"1300-1337","issn":["1300-1337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:educationandscience.ted.org.tr:article/2060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://educationandscience.ted.org.tr/article/view/2060","pdf_url":"https://educationandscience.ted.org.tr/article/download/2060/2819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220344","display_name":"TED E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE B\u0130L\u0130M","issn_l":"1300-1337","issn":["1300-1337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1300-1337","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/102500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/102500","pdf_url":"https://open.metu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11511/102500/index.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr:article/11222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/11222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196230","display_name":"Education and Science","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EDUCATION AND SCIENCE; Cilt 47, Say\u0131 211 (2022)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15390/eb.2022.11222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2022.11222","pdf_url":"http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/download/11222/3402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220344","display_name":"TED E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE B\u0130L\u0130M","issn_l":"1300-1337","issn":["1300-1337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289530126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289530126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115394847","https://openalex.org/W165709156","https://openalex.org/W571315393","https://openalex.org/W615587489","https://openalex.org/W1497996701","https://openalex.org/W1519154953","https://openalex.org/W1534120247","https://openalex.org/W1542071991","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1565637995","https://openalex.org/W1577785489","https://openalex.org/W1588031318","https://openalex.org/W1590154464","https://openalex.org/W1679202191","https://openalex.org/W1912646121","https://openalex.org/W1964182798","https://openalex.org/W1968904401","https://openalex.org/W1982459517","https://openalex.org/W1991582374","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2000239434","https://openalex.org/W2005933523","https://openalex.org/W2040984907","https://openalex.org/W2048545660","https://openalex.org/W2057311152","https://openalex.org/W2059043081","https://openalex.org/W2082300310","https://openalex.org/W2090037112","https://openalex.org/W2099689152","https://openalex.org/W2102569447","https://openalex.org/W2107497788","https://openalex.org/W2142390311","https://openalex.org/W2143508321","https://openalex.org/W2149868499","https://openalex.org/W2152860886","https://openalex.org/W2158333578","https://openalex.org/W2160375265","https://openalex.org/W2168643780","https://openalex.org/W2171111184","https://openalex.org/W2198880938","https://openalex.org/W2243318061","https://openalex.org/W2283936735","https://openalex.org/W2312160763","https://openalex.org/W2340698512","https://openalex.org/W2413967822","https://openalex.org/W2476877365","https://openalex.org/W2483515457","https://openalex.org/W2518056507","https://openalex.org/W2559251810","https://openalex.org/W2610605980","https://openalex.org/W2612800055","https://openalex.org/W2765511683","https://openalex.org/W2767378887","https://openalex.org/W2771028503","https://openalex.org/W2795065857","https://openalex.org/W2795462356","https://openalex.org/W2799849728","https://openalex.org/W2801084094","https://openalex.org/W2885121547","https://openalex.org/W2892065398","https://openalex.org/W2901102792","https://openalex.org/W2999159289","https://openalex.org/W3009416211","https://openalex.org/W3021816315","https://openalex.org/W3033804685","https://openalex.org/W3082731604","https://openalex.org/W3125064348","https://openalex.org/W3125462358","https://openalex.org/W4213049928","https://openalex.org/W4233998044","https://openalex.org/W4238679145","https://openalex.org/W4242586708","https://openalex.org/W4245202648","https://openalex.org/W4246081068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128683646","https://openalex.org/W4293568882","https://openalex.org/W2780242817","https://openalex.org/W7110479256","https://openalex.org/W7025319933","https://openalex.org/W7125793904","https://openalex.org/W4390718043","https://openalex.org/W7153119174","https://openalex.org/W2948191275","https://openalex.org/W2283936735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,186],"situates":[2],"how":[3],"shadow":[4,113],"education":[5,82,209],"has":[6],"become":[7],"more":[8],"visible":[9],"in":[10,17,68,84,111,164,192],"Turkey":[11,165],"after":[12],"an":[13,101,156],"educational":[14,162,204],"policy":[15],"change":[16],"2014":[18],"that":[19,75],"regulated":[20],"the":[21,86,96,104,120,136,145,168,172,193,196],"closure":[22],"of":[23,35,119,122,184,195],"private":[24,36,134,200],"tutoring":[25],"centers":[26],"\u2013dershanes-":[27],"and":[28,53,60,91,152,190],"their":[29],"transformation":[30],"into":[31],"a":[32,80],"new":[33],"type":[34],"school":[37,51,123,137],"called":[38],"Basic":[39,65,76],"High":[40,66,77],"School":[41],"-":[42],"Temel":[43],"Lise.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,185],"multiple-case":[47],"study,":[48],"we":[49,158],"interviewed":[50],"stakeholders":[52],"observed":[54],"various":[55],"processes":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58,133],"classes":[59],"recitation":[61],"hours":[62],"at":[63,199],"five":[64],"Schools":[67,78],"Ankara,":[69],"Turkey.":[70],"The":[71,182],"findings":[72,183],"mainly":[73],"revealed":[74],"had":[79],"dual":[81],"structure":[83],"which":[85],"formal":[87],"curricula":[88],"were":[89,93,125,131],"implemented":[90],"students":[92,177],"prepared":[94],"for":[95,115,139,150,210],"university":[97,173],"entrance":[98,174],"examination,":[99],"with":[100],"emphasis":[102],"on":[103,171],"latter.":[105],"Teaching":[106],"to":[107,202],"test":[108],"was":[109,148],"prioritized":[110],"these":[112,129,140],"schools":[114,130,201],"profit":[116],"while":[117,166,206],"most":[118],"aspects":[121],"quality":[124,208],"neglected.":[126],"Further,":[127],"since":[128],"categorized":[132],"schools,":[135,141],"fee":[138],"although":[142],"lower":[143],"than":[144],"elite":[146],"ones,":[147],"affordable":[149],"middle":[151],"high-socio-economic-status":[153],"families.":[154],"Such":[155],"approach,":[157],"conclude,":[159],"exacerbated":[160],"existing":[161],"inequalities":[163,205],"widening":[167],"achievement":[169],"gap":[170],"examination":[175],"between":[176],"from":[178],"different":[179],"socioeconomic":[180],"classes.":[181],"might":[187],"help":[188],"educators":[189],"policy-makers":[191],"organization":[194],"schooling":[197],"process":[198],"eliminate":[203],"ensuring":[207],"all.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-08-03T00:00:00"}
