{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289317879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","title":"Sustainable Self-Cleaning Evaporators for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination Using a Highly Elastic Sponge-like Hydrogel","display_name":"Sustainable Self-Cleaning Evaporators for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination Using a Highly Elastic Sponge-like Hydrogel","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289317879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35913129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.2c08561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164001016","display_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","issn_l":"1944-8244","issn":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055071661","display_name":"Aqiang Chu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqiang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101732543","display_name":"Meng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4838-9010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4838-9010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014443798","display_name":"Hongda Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongda Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065711224","display_name":"Xueqi Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011491395","display_name":"Juanli Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanli Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058632471","display_name":"Jing Yue Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115592264","display_name":"Zhiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7064-6419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7064-6419","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-319X","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5051-9927","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7356-2466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348634","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-5362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-5362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-5362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National\u2212Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058632471","https://openalex.org/A5100348634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91508264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"31","first_page":"36116","last_page":"36131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10313","display_name":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-desalination","display_name":"solar desalination","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photothermal-hydrogel","display_name":"photothermal hydrogel","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-carbon","display_name":"activated carbon","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-rejection","display_name":"salt rejection","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brine-evaporation","display_name":"brine evaporation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-evaporation","display_name":"interfacial evaporation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-porous-structure","display_name":"three-dimensional porous structure","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-hydrogels","display_name":"elastic hydrogels","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-diffusion","display_name":"ion diffusion","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8745968341827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.723272442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.6299166679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.612537145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5643367171287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182606246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187926","display_name":"Photothermal therapy","level":2,"score":0.49142134189605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.4406643509864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214403","display_name":"Brine","level":2,"score":0.4353329539299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4331341087818146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298444","display_name":"Solar desalination","level":4,"score":0.4284907579421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.41583654284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.41219067573547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3873383700847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13760393857955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.2c08561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164001016","display_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","issn_l":"1944-8244","issn":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35913129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35913129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS applied materials & interfaces","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2014658142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21808047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3352356358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20JCQNJC00680","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4385215275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B2021202012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034570953","https://openalex.org/W2793311766","https://openalex.org/W2857245633","https://openalex.org/W2910804991","https://openalex.org/W2921440968","https://openalex.org/W2935770203","https://openalex.org/W2953719859","https://openalex.org/W2955683640","https://openalex.org/W2996161651","https://openalex.org/W3012425136","https://openalex.org/W3019541509","https://openalex.org/W3023315391","https://openalex.org/W3030582765","https://openalex.org/W3033835256","https://openalex.org/W3041829814","https://openalex.org/W3046621835","https://openalex.org/W3086039036","https://openalex.org/W3088481886","https://openalex.org/W3090688376","https://openalex.org/W3104633765","https://openalex.org/W3129775946","https://openalex.org/W3130490302","https://openalex.org/W3133283547","https://openalex.org/W3136180093","https://openalex.org/W3138904658","https://openalex.org/W3140641295","https://openalex.org/W3155742318","https://openalex.org/W3158587918","https://openalex.org/W3166481480","https://openalex.org/W3167399337","https://openalex.org/W3169655296","https://openalex.org/W3174594193","https://openalex.org/W3177280854","https://openalex.org/W3178849314","https://openalex.org/W3180711120","https://openalex.org/W3184446944","https://openalex.org/W3185427786","https://openalex.org/W3186133738","https://openalex.org/W3186650004","https://openalex.org/W3189956942","https://openalex.org/W3196892852","https://openalex.org/W3197615073","https://openalex.org/W3197967874","https://openalex.org/W3207048351","https://openalex.org/W3212148017","https://openalex.org/W4214820265","https://openalex.org/W4220857118","https://openalex.org/W4221061881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401035018","https://openalex.org/W4224067961","https://openalex.org/W4390578603","https://openalex.org/W7163656708","https://openalex.org/W7118085731","https://openalex.org/W4415673632","https://openalex.org/W7125618022","https://openalex.org/W7220857063","https://openalex.org/W4406749060","https://openalex.org/W4417137967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interfacial":[0],"evaporation":[1,8,125,167,173],"using":[2,66,85],"light-absorbing":[3,21],"hydrogels":[4,22],"offers":[5],"efficient":[6,26,136,165],"solar":[7],"performance":[9],"under":[10],"natural":[11],"sunlight,":[12],"ensuring":[13],"an":[14],"affordable":[15],"clean":[16],"water":[17,100,166],"supply.":[18],"However,":[19],"achieving":[20],"with":[23,58],"durable":[24],"and":[25,41,104,109,164,174],"utilization":[27,188],"is":[28],"still":[29,169],"a":[30,37,54,59,71,77,86,123],"challenge":[31],"due":[32,142],"to":[33,143],"inevitable":[34],"salt":[35,107,137,175],"accumulation,":[36],"difficult-to-control":[38],"surface":[39,97],"morphology,":[40],"poor":[42],"mechanical":[43],"properties":[44,177],"on":[45],"the":[46,82,114,144,149],"surfaces":[47],"of":[48,116,127,159,178],"hydrogel-based":[49],"evaporators.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,179],"work,":[53],"photothermal":[55,72,180],"sponge-like":[56,92,181],"hydrogel":[57,93,182],"3D":[60,150],"interconnected":[61,151],"porous":[62,152],"structure":[63],"was":[64,133,140,168],"constructed":[65],"low-cost":[67],"activated":[68],"carbon":[69],"as":[70,74,76,81],"material,":[73],"well":[75],"double-network":[78],"polymer":[79],"chain":[80],"basic":[83],"skeleton":[84],"simple":[87],"foaming":[88],"polymerization":[89],"strategy.":[90],"The":[91,171],"evaporator":[94],"showed":[95],"tailored":[96],"topography,":[98],"adequate":[99],"transport,":[101],"excellent":[102,172],"elasticity":[103],"toughness,":[105],"good":[106],"rejection,":[108],"thermal":[110],"localization":[111],"properties.":[112],"Under":[113],"irradiation":[115],"simulated":[117],"sunlight":[118],"(1.0":[119],"kW/m":[120],"2":[121],"),":[122],"high":[124],"rate":[126],"2.33":[128],"kg\u00b7m":[129],"\u20132":[130],"\u00b7h":[131],"\u20131":[132],"achieved.":[134,170],"Furthermore,":[135],"self-cleaning":[138],"behavior":[139],"achieved":[141],"fast":[145],"ion":[146],"diffusion":[147],"within":[148],"structures.":[153],"Even":[154],"in":[155,189],"highly":[156],"concentrated":[157],"brine":[158],"15":[160],"wt":[161],"%,":[162],"continuous":[163],"rejection":[176],"indicated":[183],"its":[184],"promising":[185],"long-term":[186],"sustainable":[187],"seawater":[190],"desalination.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-08-02T00:00:00"}