{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288077129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386","title":"Dynamic All-Red Extension: An Innovative Safety Countermeasure to Treat Red Light Running Crashes","display_name":"Dynamic All-Red Extension: An Innovative Safety Countermeasure to Treat Red Light Running Crashes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288077129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/03611981221108386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070340721","display_name":"Carrie L. Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-5221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-5221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767852","display_name":"North Carolina Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xmd8q53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767852"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carrie L. Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Mobility and Safety Division, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Garner, NC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-5221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Mobility and Safety Division, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Garner, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767852"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070340721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767852"],"apc_list":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62950713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2677","issue":"2","first_page":"753","last_page":"762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Road Transport and Highway Systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-light-running","display_name":"red-light running","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash-modification-factors","display_name":"crash modification factors","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-intersections","display_name":"rural intersections","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-countermeasures","display_name":"safety countermeasures","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection-delay","display_name":"intersection delay","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.8341339826583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.6468136310577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6423113346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6143171787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5150508880615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.45529109239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986477067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210055","display_name":"Red light","level":2,"score":0.41417625546455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.35251951217651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2166745960712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09916287660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/03611981221108386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221108386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185131399","https://openalex.org/W567066166","https://openalex.org/W567760676","https://openalex.org/W2736068396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2736068396","https://openalex.org/W185131399","https://openalex.org/W4408458852","https://openalex.org/W4394977469","https://openalex.org/W7024489134","https://openalex.org/W2025368912","https://openalex.org/W2787446301","https://openalex.org/W6939615204","https://openalex.org/W88288516","https://openalex.org/W2528025562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,168,188],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,11,20,36,97,111,171,185,224],"this":[3,55,217],"project":[4],"was":[5,89,104,125,146,151,160,174,232],"to":[6,25,59,198,220,227],"evaluate":[7],"the":[8,49,80,84,93,98,109,147,164,172,182,221],"safety":[9,195,218,235],"effectiveness":[10],"Dynamic":[12],"All-Red":[13],"Extension":[14],"(DARE)":[15],"systems.":[16],"North":[17],"Carolina":[18],"Department":[19],"Transportation":[21],"has":[22],"used":[23],"DARE":[24,52,145,231],"combat":[26],"red":[27,85],"light":[28],"running":[29,83],"(RLR)":[30],"crashes":[31,67],"on":[32],"major":[33,210],"road":[34],"approaches":[35],"selected":[37],"rural,":[38],"isolated":[39,199],"traffic":[40],"signals":[41],"since":[42],"2011.":[43],"Sixteen":[44],"intersections":[45,200,207],"were":[46,57],"included":[47],"in":[48,54,92,108,129,155,241],"before\u2013after":[50],"analysis.":[51],"systems":[53],"study":[56],"implemented":[58],"target":[60,112,130,156],"a":[61,105,193],"specific":[62],"crash":[63,116],"type:":[64],"frontal":[65],"impact":[66],"(angle,":[68],"left":[69],"turn,":[70,72],"right":[71],"head":[73],"on)":[74],"caused":[75,238],"by":[76],"vehicles":[77],"traveling":[78],"through":[79],"intersection":[81],"and":[82,95,181,237],"light.":[86],"Although":[87],"there":[88,103],"some":[90],"variability":[91],"magnitude":[94],"significance":[96],"results":[99],"among":[100],"treatment":[101,136,173,189,196],"groups,":[102],"general":[106],"reduction":[107,128,154],"frequency":[110],"RLR":[113,131,157,186,229],"crashes.":[114,187,230],"modification":[117],"factor":[118],"(CMF)":[119],"using":[120],"empirical":[121],"Bayes":[122],"(EB)":[123],"methodology":[124],"0.93":[126],"(7%":[127],"crashes)":[132],"for":[133,138,206],"all":[134],"16":[135],"sites;":[137],"seven":[139],"multilane":[140,209],"at":[141,163],"two-lane":[142],"sites":[143],"where":[144],"sole":[148],"treatment,":[149],"CMF":[150],"0.65":[152],"(35%":[153],"crashes),":[158],"which":[159],"statistically":[161],"significant":[162],"95%":[165],"confidence":[166],"level.":[167],"benefit\u2013cost":[169],"ratio":[170],"143:1,":[175],"realized":[176],"from":[177],"low":[178],"installation":[179],"cost":[180,184],"high":[183],"appeared":[190],"promising":[191],"as":[192],"systemic":[194],"applied":[197],"with":[201,208],"higher":[202],"speed":[203],"limits,":[204],"especially":[205],"roads.":[211],"Safety":[212],"professionals":[213],"should":[214],"consider":[215],"adding":[216],"countermeasure":[219],"limited":[222],"list":[223],"tools":[225],"available":[226],"treat":[228],"inexpensive,":[233],"demonstrated":[234],"benefits,":[236],"minimal":[239],"delays":[240],"rural":[242],"applications":[243],"without":[244],"creating":[245],"driver":[246],"habituation.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2022-07-28T00:00:00"}