{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288076040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","title":"VisualCheXbert","display_name":"VisualCheXbert","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288076040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450439.3451862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3450439.3451862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407119898","display_name":"ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (CHIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3450439.3451862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112853549","display_name":"Saahil Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saahil Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003608048","display_name":"Akshay Smit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Smit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113956967","display_name":"Steven Qh Truong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-6424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-6424"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven QH Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["VinBrain, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VinBrain, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102909439","display_name":"Chanh D. Tr. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanh DT Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VinBrain, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VinBrain, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078449253","display_name":"Minh-Thanh Huynh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh-Thanh Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["VinBrain, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VinBrain, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065943478","display_name":"Mudit Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudit Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Jain USA","Stanford University USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jain USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086401486","display_name":"Victoria A. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1032-1206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1032-1206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria A. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102617494","display_name":"Andrew Y. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-3196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-3196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Y. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038969629","display_name":"Matthew P. Lungren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-5861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-5861","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-9034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Lungren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001094226","display_name":"Pranav Rajpurkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Rajpurkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6256,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8978007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.044199999421834946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.03790000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray","display_name":"chest radiography","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bert","display_name":"BERT","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-radiologist-agreement","display_name":"inter-radiologist agreement","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5991906523704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5704250335693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5052905678749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.46066537499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4111863672733307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39419230818748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3932892382144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.35076382756233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3070901036262512}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450439.3451862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3450439.3451862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407119898","display_name":"ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (CHIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.11467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.11467","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.11467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.11467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.11467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.11467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450439.3451862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450439.3451862","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3450439.3451862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407119898","display_name":"ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (CHIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333063","display_name":"Stanford Bio-X","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288076040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288076040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484393529","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1664251743","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2112688502","https://openalex.org/W2152575748","https://openalex.org/W2152772232","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2772081981","https://openalex.org/W2778310824","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912664121","https://openalex.org/W2914203365","https://openalex.org/W2924137909","https://openalex.org/W2944162425","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2966462242","https://openalex.org/W2971258845","https://openalex.org/W2977613223","https://openalex.org/W3007275093","https://openalex.org/W3016623626","https://openalex.org/W3025404316","https://openalex.org/W3030705816","https://openalex.org/W3030810099","https://openalex.org/W3037343796","https://openalex.org/W3042052902","https://openalex.org/W3084346490","https://openalex.org/W3092703718","https://openalex.org/W3103765426","https://openalex.org/W3105081694","https://openalex.org/W3114128166","https://openalex.org/W3123343728","https://openalex.org/W4394659038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016623626","https://openalex.org/W3103694015","https://openalex.org/W4404249317","https://openalex.org/W3143195296","https://openalex.org/W3045332379","https://openalex.org/W4409637624","https://openalex.org/W4406971480","https://openalex.org/W7222936325","https://openalex.org/W7160428110","https://openalex.org/W4361866053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"extraction":[1],"of":[2,42,128,164],"medical":[3,18,104,162],"conditions":[4,105,163],"from":[5,58,83,106],"free-text":[6],"radiology":[7,59,85,120,153],"reports":[8,28,60,154],"is":[9],"critical":[10],"for":[11,47],"supervising":[12],"computer":[13,98],"vision":[14,99],"models":[15],"to":[16,55,80,87,102],"interpret":[17],"images.":[19,68,109],"In":[20],"this":[21],"work,":[22],"we":[23],"show":[24],"that":[25,61,112,137],"radiologists":[26,32,66,142,149],"labeling":[27,33,67,143,150],"significantly":[29],"disagree":[30],"with":[31,65,91,141],"corresponding":[34,152],"chest":[35,107,144],"X-ray":[36,108,145],"images,":[37],"which":[38],"reduces":[39],"the":[40,88,151],"quality":[41],"report":[43,86,121],"labels":[44,57],"as":[45],"proxies":[46],"image":[48,89],"labels.":[49],"We":[50,110,134],"develop":[51],"and":[52,171],"evaluate":[53],"methods":[54],"produce":[56],"have":[62],"better":[63,139],"agreement":[64],"Our":[69],"best":[70],"performing":[71],"method,":[72],"called":[73],"VisualCheXbert,":[74],"uses":[75],"a":[76,84,92,97],"biomedically-pretrained":[77],"BERT":[78],"model":[79,100],"directly":[81],"map":[82],"labels,":[90],"supervisory":[93],"signal":[94],"determined":[95],"by":[96,123,155],"trained":[101],"detect":[103],"find":[111,136],"VisualCheXbert":[113,138],"outperforms":[114],"an":[115,118,124,156],"approach":[116],"using":[117],"existing":[119],"labeler":[122],"average":[125,157],"F1":[126,158],"score":[127,159],"0.14":[129],"(95%":[130,167,173],"CI":[131,168,174],"0.12,":[132],"0.17).":[133],"also":[135],"agrees":[140],"images":[146],"than":[147],"do":[148],"across":[160],"several":[161],"between":[165],"0.12":[166],"0.09,":[169],"0.15)":[170],"0.21":[172],"0.18,":[175],"0.24).":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-07-28T00:00:00"}
