{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288046801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","title":"Looking Inside the Black-Box: Logic-based Explanations for Neural Networks","display_name":"Looking Inside the Black-Box: Logic-based Explanations for Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288046801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2022/45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2022/45/kr2022-0045-ferreira-et-al.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420732","display_name":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2022/45/kr2022-0045-ferreira-et-al.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015133276","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-9397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-9397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089784230","display_name":"Manuel de Sousa Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-1043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-1043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel de Sousa Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065367921","display_name":"Ricardo Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-7197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-7197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Gon\u00e7alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066466375","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Alexandre Leite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-7360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-7360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Leite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2001,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90600224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"432","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-interpretability","display_name":"neural network interpretability","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-opacity","display_name":"model opacity","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7457250952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7188249826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6793124675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6653993129730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5954190492630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5878652334213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.48146358132362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45831745862960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4579538106918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2022/45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2022/45/kr2022-0045-ferreira-et-al.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420732","display_name":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2022/45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/45","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2022/45/kr2022-0045-ferreira-et-al.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420732","display_name":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G266918620","display_name":"Esquecer eficazmente o que tem que ser esquecido","funder_award_id":"PTDC/CCI-INF/32219/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5454278309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6348741101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04516/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331406","funder_display_name":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756958975","display_name":"Bridging Neural and Symbolic Artificial Intelligence","funder_award_id":"UI/BD/151266/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G748193606","display_name":"RIVER - Racioc\u00ednio com bases de conhecimento e fluxos de dados","funder_award_id":"PTDC/CCI-COM/30952/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725369612","display_name":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04516/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331406","display_name":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288046801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288046801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228104253","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1989574962","https://openalex.org/W1990088911","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2091138122","https://openalex.org/W2127378806","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2158599326","https://openalex.org/W2160605923","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2311857205","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2522925973","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2761788421","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2767656849","https://openalex.org/W2770567437","https://openalex.org/W2785760873","https://openalex.org/W2786715987","https://openalex.org/W2796885425","https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2885489825","https://openalex.org/W2902934778","https://openalex.org/W2914598080","https://openalex.org/W2964359568","https://openalex.org/W2970741198","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W2979669231","https://openalex.org/W3014244167","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3034873438","https://openalex.org/W3035183563","https://openalex.org/W3040887543","https://openalex.org/W3043865406","https://openalex.org/W3047833696","https://openalex.org/W3081111626","https://openalex.org/W3091962337","https://openalex.org/W3098529012","https://openalex.org/W3102785203","https://openalex.org/W3114923443","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3131970035","https://openalex.org/W3146347964","https://openalex.org/W3161744644","https://openalex.org/W3167054736","https://openalex.org/W3173980723","https://openalex.org/W3175495812","https://openalex.org/W3175931756","https://openalex.org/W3186197713","https://openalex.org/W4200465265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213302703","https://openalex.org/W3188740654","https://openalex.org/W3167787620","https://openalex.org/W2899410094","https://openalex.org/W6991101750","https://openalex.org/W4415974886","https://openalex.org/W7212287989","https://openalex.org/W3175931756","https://openalex.org/W2616209507","https://openalex.org/W2766049792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,41,59,100,157,186],"network-based":[2],"methods":[3],"have":[4,22],"recently":[5],"enjoyed":[6],"great":[7],"popularity":[8],"due":[9,33],"to":[10,34,68,70,85,92,123,126,147,162,180,192],"their":[11,56,75],"effectiveness":[12],"in":[13,29,129],"solving":[14],"difficult":[15],"tasks.":[16],"Requiring":[17],"minimal":[18],"human":[19],"effort,":[20],"they":[21,189],"turned":[23],"into":[24],"an":[25],"almost":[26],"ubiquitous":[27],"solution":[28],"multiple":[30],"domains.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[35,48,52,72,94,105,111,114,118,130,135,149,152,172,181,185],"size":[36],"and":[37,168],"complexity":[38],"of":[39,51,97,107,113,120,137,151],"typical":[40],"network":[42,101,158],"models'":[43],"architectures,":[44],"as":[45,47],"well":[46],"sub-symbolical":[49],"nature":[50],"representations":[53,182],"generated":[54],"by":[55,81,117,184],"neuronal":[57],"activations,":[58],"networks":[60,187],"are":[61,178,190],"essentially":[62],"opaque,":[63],"making":[64],"it":[65],"nearly":[66],"impossible":[67],"explain":[69],"humans":[71],"reasoning":[73],"behind":[74],"decisions.":[76],"We":[77],"address":[78],"this":[79],"issue":[80],"developing":[82],"a":[83,98,138],"procedure":[84],"induce":[86],"human-understandable":[87],"logic-based":[88,132],"theories":[89,154,164,173],"that":[90,121,166,171,188],"attempt":[91],"represent":[93],"classification":[95,141],"process":[96],"given":[99],"model,":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104,165],"idea":[106],"establishing":[108],"mappings":[109],"from":[110],"values":[112],"activations":[115],"produced":[116],"neurons":[119],"model":[122],"human-defined":[124],"concepts":[125],"be":[127],"used":[128],"induced":[131],"theory.":[133],"Exploring":[134],"setting":[136],"synthetic":[139],"image":[140],"task,":[142,167],"we":[143],"provide":[144],"empirical":[145],"results":[146],"assess":[148],"quality":[150],"developed":[153,174],"for":[155],"different":[156],"models,":[159],"compare":[160],"them":[161],"existing":[163],"give":[169],"evidence":[170],"through":[175],"our":[176],"method":[177],"faithful":[179],"learned":[183],"built":[191],"describe.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-27T00:00:00"}