{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288039463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","title":"Mechanisms of Nanotoxicology and the Important Role of Alternative Testing Strategies","display_name":"Mechanisms of Nanotoxicology and the Important Role of Alternative Testing Strategies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288039463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35897780","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9331988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms23158204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8204/pdf?version=1658818336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8204/pdf?version=1658818336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111325864","display_name":"Yuan-Hua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5364-6163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5364-6163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158999","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zx3rq17","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Hua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999","https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036032606","display_name":"Sheng\u2010Yow Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-6575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-6575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80327900","display_name":"Chang Jung Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s3d7j94","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80327900"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Yow Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 736, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-6575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 736, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80327900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111521413","display_name":"Bour-Jr Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158999","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zx3rq17","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56019348","display_name":"Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02834m470","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56019348"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bour-Jr Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan","Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56019348"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066279331","display_name":"Ying\u2010Jan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-2495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-2495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126829","display_name":"China Medical University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0368s4g32","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Jan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan","Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-2495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066279331","https://openalex.org/A5111521413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210126829","https://openalex.org/I4210158999","https://openalex.org/I56019348","https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"15","first_page":"8204","last_page":"8204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotoxicology","display_name":"nanotoxicology","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineered-nanomaterials","display_name":"engineered nanomaterials","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomedicine","display_name":"nanomedicine","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-nanoparticles","display_name":"metal nanoparticles","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518429","display_name":"Nanotoxicology","level":3,"score":0.8380662202835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15083742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261659","display_name":"Nanomedicine","level":3,"score":0.7083384990692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5719015598297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47915738821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36409810185432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3507249355316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34174641966819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.1436009705066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13801616430282593}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050997","descriptor_name":"Nanomedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms23158204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8204/pdf?version=1658818336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35897780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35897780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9331988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9331988/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Mol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.cnu.edu.tw:310902800/34599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.cnu.edu.tw//handle/310902800/34599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064121","display_name":"CHNA Institutional Repository (Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56019348","host_organization_name":"Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56019348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Editorial Material"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms23158204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8204/pdf?version=1658818336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288039463.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288039463.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410248520","https://openalex.org/W3013304012","https://openalex.org/W3043938810","https://openalex.org/W3088881403","https://openalex.org/W3106869295","https://openalex.org/W3134363182","https://openalex.org/W3156137178","https://openalex.org/W3157826919","https://openalex.org/W3158204103","https://openalex.org/W3158221082","https://openalex.org/W3193248763","https://openalex.org/W4205465531","https://openalex.org/W4212799503","https://openalex.org/W4220757596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566385993","https://openalex.org/W2029337304","https://openalex.org/W7126239885","https://openalex.org/W653058036","https://openalex.org/W2596753138","https://openalex.org/W3186995188","https://openalex.org/W2607832403","https://openalex.org/W4391604943","https://openalex.org/W7204901055","https://openalex.org/W1528615481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"rapid":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3],"nanotechnology":[4],"have":[5],"provided":[6],"a":[7,31],"lot":[8],"of":[9,15,18,21,30,34,42],"opportunities":[10],"for":[11],"the":[12,28,40],"mass":[13],"production":[14],"engineered":[16],"nanomaterials":[17],"various":[19],"types":[20],"chemicals,":[22],"including":[23],"metals":[24],"and":[25,36,39],"nonmetals,":[26],"promoting":[27],"development":[29],"new":[32],"generation":[33],"industrial":[35],"commercial":[37],"products":[38],"field":[41],"nanomedicine":[43],"[...].":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-07-27T00:00:00"}
