{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288036832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","title":"[Retracted] Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in CT Scan Images Using PSO SVM and Image Processing","display_name":"[Retracted] Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in CT Scan Images Using PSO SVM and Image Processing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288036832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928919","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9345701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/8544337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2022/8544337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1010394304","display_name":"BioMed Research International","issn_l":"1110-7243","issn":["1110-7243","1110-7251","2314-6133","2314-6141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioMed Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2022/8544337.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008343235","display_name":"Arshiya Sajid Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-0188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-0188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshiya S. Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-0188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009290210","display_name":"Abu Sarwar Zamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Sarwar Zamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051576047","display_name":"Mohammad Sajid Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-5068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-5068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sajid Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-5068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607803","display_name":"Meenakshi Meenakshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-0508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-0508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802922787","display_name":"GD Goenka University","ror":"https://ror.org/053y5dz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802922787"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meenakshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["GD Goenka University Sohna Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-0508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GD Goenka University Sohna Haryana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802922787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088927420","display_name":"Mahyudin Ritonga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-5133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-5133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118993","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat","ror":"https://ror.org/030vbff53","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118993"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahyudin Ritonga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-5133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102773655","display_name":"Syed Sohail Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-9099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-9099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Sohail Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-9099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061643619","display_name":"Devabalan Pounraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-1972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-1972"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devabalan Pounraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["BVC Engineering College (Autonomous), Odalarevu, Allavaram Mandal, East-GodhavariDistrict, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-1972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BVC Engineering College (Autonomous), Odalarevu, Allavaram Mandal, East-GodhavariDistrict, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050668156","display_name":"Karthikeyan Kaliyaperumal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-1799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-1799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114632","display_name":"Ambo University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6z0y17","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Kaliyaperumal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT @ IoT-HH Campus, Ambo University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-1799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT @ IoT-HH Campus, Ambo University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050668156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"],"apc_list":{"value":2680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2680},"apc_paid":{"value":2680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2680},"fwci":1.257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79655049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"1","first_page":"8544337","last_page":"8544337"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.10419999808073044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-cancer-detection","display_name":"pancreatic cancer detection","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-images","display_name":"CT images","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-denoising","display_name":"image denoising","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-image-classification","display_name":"medical image classification","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes","display_name":"naive Bayes","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212961","display_name":"Pancreatic cancer","level":3,"score":0.6296463012695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6107502579689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5916135907173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.528444766998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.5255680680274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4903891086578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4219009280204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40693265199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4052133560180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40337681770324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3983559310436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3786291778087616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17156913876533508}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010190","descriptor_name":"Pancreatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/8544337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2022/8544337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1010394304","display_name":"BioMed Research International","issn_l":"1110-7243","issn":["1110-7243","1110-7251","2314-6133","2314-6141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioMed Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35928919","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioMed research international","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9345701","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9345701/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomed Res Int","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e8fe302df34f42289b11defb3509cff3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8fe302df34f42289b11defb3509cff3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BioMed Research International, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/8544337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8544337","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2022/8544337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1010394304","display_name":"BioMed Research International","issn_l":"1110-7243","issn":["1110-7243","1110-7251","2314-6133","2314-6141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioMed Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288036832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288036832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579798122","https://openalex.org/W1910102824","https://openalex.org/W2014658969","https://openalex.org/W2062805131","https://openalex.org/W2113576390","https://openalex.org/W2215664460","https://openalex.org/W2333160430","https://openalex.org/W2436841528","https://openalex.org/W2510383355","https://openalex.org/W2529410241","https://openalex.org/W2650395120","https://openalex.org/W2773509230","https://openalex.org/W3016323062","https://openalex.org/W3080980873","https://openalex.org/W3133350918","https://openalex.org/W3146669182","https://openalex.org/W3147514193","https://openalex.org/W3177681144","https://openalex.org/W3194005479","https://openalex.org/W3209897002","https://openalex.org/W3213040206","https://openalex.org/W3215729113","https://openalex.org/W4200551516","https://openalex.org/W4211190296","https://openalex.org/W4220863748","https://openalex.org/W4224234704","https://openalex.org/W4224996007","https://openalex.org/W4229719081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283815283","https://openalex.org/W3167877739","https://openalex.org/W3196069944","https://openalex.org/W829369502","https://openalex.org/W7105932690","https://openalex.org/W7163207661","https://openalex.org/W4406047945","https://openalex.org/W4205374410","https://openalex.org/W4200550720","https://openalex.org/W4410432878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"of":[2,7,28,30,48,63,79,82,85,91,116,119,141,151,190],"pancreatic":[3,38,92],"cancer":[4,49,93],"is":[5,23,109,153,161],"one":[6],"the":[8,17,19,64,74,80,112,117,133,149,177,184,191],"worst":[9],"cancers":[10],"that":[11,179],"may":[12,33],"be":[13,34],"received":[14],"anywhere":[15],"in":[16,94,144],"world;":[18],"five\u2010year":[20],"survival":[21],"rate":[22],"very":[24],"less.":[25],"The":[26,60,105,123,139,158],"majority":[27],"cases":[29],"this":[31],"condition":[32],"traced":[35],"back":[36],"to":[37,41,53,72,131,163,182],"cancer.":[39],"Due":[40],"medical":[42],"image":[43,103,113,134,146,156],"scans,":[44],"a":[45,83,128],"significant":[46],"number":[47],"patients":[50],"are":[51,176,180,195],"able":[52],"identify":[54],"abnormalities":[55],"at":[56],"an":[57,145],"earlier":[58],"stage.":[59],"expensive":[61],"cost":[62],"necessary":[65],"gear":[66],"and":[67,102,147,174,188],"infrastructure":[68],"makes":[69],"it":[70,77],"difficult":[71],"disseminate":[73],"technology,":[75],"putting":[76],"out":[78],"reach":[81],"lot":[84],"people.":[86],"This":[87],"article":[88],"presents":[89],"detection":[90],"CT":[95],"scan":[96],"images":[97],"using":[98],"machine":[99],"PSO":[100,170,192],"SVM":[101,193],"processing.":[104],"Gaussian":[106],"elimination":[107],"filter":[108],"utilized":[110],"during":[111],"preprocessing":[114],"stage":[115],"removal":[118],"noise":[120],"from":[121,167],"images.":[122],"K":[124],"means":[125],"algorithm":[126,194],"uses":[127],"partitioning":[129],"technique":[130],"separate":[132],"into":[135],"its":[136],"component":[137],"parts.":[138],"process":[140],"identifying":[142],"objects":[143],"determining":[148],"regions":[150],"interest":[152],"aided":[154],"by":[155],"segmentation.":[157],"PCA":[159],"method":[160],"used":[162,181],"extract":[164],"important":[165],"information":[166],"digital":[168],"photographs.":[169],"SVM,":[171],"naive":[172],"Bayes,":[173],"AdaBoost":[175],"algorithms":[178],"perform":[183],"classification.":[185],"Accuracy,":[186],"sensitivity,":[187],"specificity":[189],"better.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-07-27T00:00:00"}
