{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288033844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","title":"Leadership Styles on Employee Performance Among Supervisors of Petroleum Retailing Sector in Jordan: Employee Engagement as a Mediator","display_name":"Leadership Styles on Employee Performance Among Supervisors of Petroleum Retailing Sector in Jordan: Employee Engagement as a Mediator","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288033844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18280/ijsdp.170430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","pdf_url":"https://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/78049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81432193","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","issn_l":"1743-7601","issn":["1743-7601","1743-761X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312982","host_organization_name":"International Information and Engineering Technology Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Information and Engineering Technology Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/78049","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046874462","display_name":"Al Montaser Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-9586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-9586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al Montaser Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089877686","display_name":"Masha Menhat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-506X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-506X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masha Menhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031255128","display_name":"Izyan Munirah Mohd Zaideen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-6287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-6287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izyan Munirah Mohd Zaideen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045243910","display_name":"Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-3828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-3828","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-8068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076705322","display_name":"Alhareth Mohammed Abu Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-4430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-4430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145380033","display_name":"Amman Arab University","ror":"https://ror.org/039xekb14","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhareth Abu Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089877686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2474,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95623715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1329","last_page":"1339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.6592000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.6592000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.18950000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.14229999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-styles","display_name":"leadership styles","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-engagement","display_name":"employee engagement","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transactional-leadership","display_name":"transactional leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laissez-faire-leadership","display_name":"laissez-faire leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exchange-theory","display_name":"social exchange theory","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisors","display_name":"supervisors","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jordan","display_name":"Jordan","score":0.9750000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.9394039511680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.9155216217041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.7042849063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6401129364967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5297920107841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172256602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780716","display_name":"Social exchange theory","level":2,"score":0.4340142607688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.410527765750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4055425524711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3918374478816986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.377396821975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3419725298881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2943688631057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13297191262245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18280/ijsdp.170430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","pdf_url":"https://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/78049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81432193","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","issn_l":"1743-7601","issn":["1743-7601","1743-761X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312982","host_organization_name":"International Information and Engineering Technology Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Information and Engineering Technology Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18280/ijsdp.170430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170430","pdf_url":"https://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/78049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81432193","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","issn_l":"1743-7601","issn":["1743-7601","1743-761X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312982","host_organization_name":"International Information and Engineering Technology Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Information and Engineering Technology Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288033844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288033844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497843627","https://openalex.org/W1591013228","https://openalex.org/W1771959034","https://openalex.org/W1844365549","https://openalex.org/W1902610065","https://openalex.org/W1988050849","https://openalex.org/W2000389016","https://openalex.org/W2011135517","https://openalex.org/W2016168362","https://openalex.org/W2025886891","https://openalex.org/W2037710531","https://openalex.org/W2039151696","https://openalex.org/W2064444255","https://openalex.org/W2067328260","https://openalex.org/W2076085139","https://openalex.org/W2083601805","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2116305749","https://openalex.org/W2122955616","https://openalex.org/W2127840632","https://openalex.org/W2131605744","https://openalex.org/W2137819727","https://openalex.org/W2142450476","https://openalex.org/W2153610778","https://openalex.org/W2164385948","https://openalex.org/W2165631367","https://openalex.org/W2291885230","https://openalex.org/W2417760852","https://openalex.org/W2473826235","https://openalex.org/W2481769138","https://openalex.org/W2605126845","https://openalex.org/W2761437644","https://openalex.org/W2770390864","https://openalex.org/W2795551419","https://openalex.org/W2801191405","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2910344978","https://openalex.org/W2968798696","https://openalex.org/W2988863479","https://openalex.org/W2993504895","https://openalex.org/W3009739974","https://openalex.org/W3027506207","https://openalex.org/W3041407038","https://openalex.org/W3048948408","https://openalex.org/W3105727293","https://openalex.org/W3186358886","https://openalex.org/W4206008759","https://openalex.org/W4220674321","https://openalex.org/W4282032128","https://openalex.org/W6815061375","https://openalex.org/W6992367130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388239481","https://openalex.org/W3174158155","https://openalex.org/W7093505627","https://openalex.org/W6963509018","https://openalex.org/W3190270272","https://openalex.org/W7221363253","https://openalex.org/W4388705299","https://openalex.org/W4415548018","https://openalex.org/W6925859287","https://openalex.org/W2464644213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,127],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,9,47,56,81],"this":[3,88],"article":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,52,71,120,141,145],"examine":[7],"perceptions":[8,46],"employee":[10],"engagement":[11],"(EE)":[12],"among":[13],"petroleum":[14,107],"retailing":[15,108],"sector":[16,109],"supervisors":[17,104],"as":[18],"a":[19,35,90],"possible":[20],"mediator":[21],"between":[22,149,164],"leadership":[23,41,59,62,72,131,151],"styles":[24,42,55,73,132],"(transformational,":[25],"transactional,":[26],"and":[27,29,38,64,74,124,134,138,152,166],"laissez-faire)":[28],"employees\u2019":[30],"performance":[31],"(EP).":[32],"We":[33],"proposed":[34],"mediation":[36],"model":[37,91],"postulated":[39],"that":[40,130],"(LS)":[43],"could":[44],"increase":[45],"EE,":[48],"which":[49],"theoretically":[50],"correspond":[51],"the":[53,78,106,122,146,155,162],"three":[54],"leadership:":[57],"transformational":[58],"(TSFL),":[60],"transactional":[61],"(TSCL),":[63],"laissez-faire":[65],"(LF).":[66],"Subsequently,":[67],"EE":[68,158],"is":[69,97,118,159],"linked":[70],"EP":[75],"in":[76,105,110],"keeping":[77],"extant":[79],"body":[80],"social":[82],"exchange":[83],"theory":[84],"(SET)":[85],"research.":[86],"In":[87,143],"study,":[89],"developed":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"survey":[95],"research":[96],"used.":[98],"Data":[99],"was":[100],"collected":[101],"from":[102],"425":[103],"Jordan.":[111],"partial":[113],"least":[114],"squares":[115],"(Smart-PLS)":[116],"analysis":[117],"used":[119],"run":[121],"measurement":[123],"structural":[125],"models.":[126],"findings":[128],"show":[129],"(transformational":[133],"transactional)":[135],"are":[136],"significantly":[137],"positively":[139],"related":[140],"EP.":[142,153,167],"addition":[144],"non-significantly":[147],"relationship":[148,163],"LF":[150],"On":[154],"other":[156],"hand,":[157],"not":[160],"mediate":[161],"TSCL":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-27T00:00:00"}