{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287845257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","title":"Simple Tests for Selection: Learning More from Instrumental Variables","display_name":"Simple Tests for Selection: Learning More from Instrumental Variables","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287845257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w30291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110333171","display_name":"Dan A. Black","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111428342","display_name":"Hitotsubashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqj7p05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","University of Chicago","University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023030955","display_name":"Joonhwi Joo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-2314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-2314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111428342","display_name":"Hitotsubashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqj7p05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonhwi Joo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert LaLonde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111428342","display_name":"Hitotsubashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqj7p05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert LaLonde","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago","Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665641","display_name":"Jeffrey W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-3470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-3470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111428342","display_name":"Hitotsubashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqj7p05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","University of Chicago","University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103259903","display_name":"Evan J. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-1005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-1005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111428342","display_name":"Hitotsubashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqj7p05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","University of Chicago","University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85718","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1393","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin Leuven), Chicago,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris School University of Chicago 1307 E. 60th St. Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111428342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIC, Indiana, IZA, Kentucky, UNC, UC-Riverside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd. JSOM 13-326 Richardson, TX 75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-average-treatment-effect","display_name":"local average treatment effect","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-instrument","display_name":"binary instrument","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect-compliance","display_name":"imperfect compliance","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-regression-discontinuity-design","display_name":"fuzzy regression discontinuity design","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-variables","display_name":"instrumental variables","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effect-estimation","display_name":"treatment effect estimation","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.6569411754608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.631829023361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5365509986877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5231131911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42193394899368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3421635627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3366783857345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32165098190307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.32119879126548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w30291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w30291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w30291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4287845257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4287845257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W264509964","https://openalex.org/W330436674","https://openalex.org/W347788439","https://openalex.org/W579986423","https://openalex.org/W1530306231","https://openalex.org/W1562107381","https://openalex.org/W1567762635","https://openalex.org/W1573878645","https://openalex.org/W1584855941","https://openalex.org/W1595174611","https://openalex.org/W1605552950","https://openalex.org/W1863222473","https://openalex.org/W1867829407","https://openalex.org/W1886305637","https://openalex.org/W1967777997","https://openalex.org/W1980412904","https://openalex.org/W1984524168","https://openalex.org/W1998455161","https://openalex.org/W1999637731","https://openalex.org/W2016935967","https://openalex.org/W2024692342","https://openalex.org/W2039293213","https://openalex.org/W2046165968","https://openalex.org/W2057639367","https://openalex.org/W2058164503","https://openalex.org/W2059729140","https://openalex.org/W2083101756","https://openalex.org/W2090944380","https://openalex.org/W2099274660","https://openalex.org/W2100673825","https://openalex.org/W2103130810","https://openalex.org/W2104780889","https://openalex.org/W2116943185","https://openalex.org/W2122425663","https://openalex.org/W2128482660","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2138474641","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2149814123","https://openalex.org/W2150449617","https://openalex.org/W2152381392","https://openalex.org/W2153797162","https://openalex.org/W2156390601","https://openalex.org/W2159199725","https://openalex.org/W2163056084","https://openalex.org/W2163587506","https://openalex.org/W2167199524","https://openalex.org/W2258493913","https://openalex.org/W2281690356","https://openalex.org/W2305754340","https://openalex.org/W2465587637","https://openalex.org/W2592019650","https://openalex.org/W2603669332","https://openalex.org/W2606792327","https://openalex.org/W2733104912","https://openalex.org/W2911883296","https://openalex.org/W3021176487","https://openalex.org/W3098682883","https://openalex.org/W3121415235","https://openalex.org/W3121492802","https://openalex.org/W3121516428","https://openalex.org/W3122056328","https://openalex.org/W3122304594","https://openalex.org/W3122930689","https://openalex.org/W3122958054","https://openalex.org/W3123935396","https://openalex.org/W3124062519","https://openalex.org/W3124120302","https://openalex.org/W3124231044","https://openalex.org/W3125156328","https://openalex.org/W4210541753","https://openalex.org/W4235375412","https://openalex.org/W4240884942","https://openalex.org/W4384023602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1944783309","https://openalex.org/W3121695905","https://openalex.org/W7100483011","https://openalex.org/W3123509461","https://openalex.org/W4403173659","https://openalex.org/W3026943147","https://openalex.org/W4224795195","https://openalex.org/W4362597539","https://openalex.org/W2990911608","https://openalex.org/W3217801993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"provide":[1],"simple":[2],"tests":[3],"for":[4,13,26],"selection":[5,27,46],"on":[6,28],"unobserved":[7],"variables":[8],"in":[9],"the":[10,33,42,45,53,82,95],"Vytlacil-Imbens-Angrist":[11],"framework":[12,88],"Local":[14],"Average":[15],"Treatment":[16],"Effects":[17],"(LATEs).Our":[18],"setup":[19],"allows":[20],"researchers":[21],"not":[22],"only":[23],"to":[24,40,52,61,75],"test":[25],"either":[29],"or":[30],"both":[31],"of":[32,44],"treated":[34],"and":[35,66,71],"untreated":[36],"outcomes,":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"assess":[41],"magnitude":[43],"effect.We":[47],"show":[48],"that":[49],"it":[50,74],"applies":[51],"standard":[54],"binary":[55],"instrument":[56],"case,":[57],"as":[58,60],"well":[59],"experiments":[62],"with":[63,89],"imperfect":[64],"compliance":[65],"fuzzy":[67],"regression":[68],"discontinuity":[69],"designs,":[70],"we":[72],"link":[73],"broader":[76],"discussions":[77],"regarding":[78],"instrumental":[79],"variables.We":[80],"illustrate":[81],"substantive":[83],"value":[84],"added":[85],"by":[86],"our":[87],"three":[90],"empirical":[91],"applications":[92],"drawn":[93],"from":[94],"literature.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-07-26T00:00:00"}