{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286792124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","title":"Deep active learning for suggestive segmentation of biomedical image stacks via optimisation of Dice scores and traced boundary length","display_name":"Deep active learning for suggestive segmentation of biomedical image stacks via optimisation of Dice scores and traced boundary length","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286792124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36113320","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11605667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006602019","display_name":"Alessia Atzeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-230X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-230X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessia Atzeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK. Electronic address: alessia.atzeni.14@ucl.ac.uk","Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-230X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK. Electronic address: alessia.atzeni.14@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014122229","display_name":"Lo\u00efc Peter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-5330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-5330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loic Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016778344","display_name":"Eleanor Robinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanor Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015567903","display_name":"Emily Blackburn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4009-2715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4009-2715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Blackburn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4009-2715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076230307","display_name":"Juri Ibrahim M. Althonayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-5500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-5500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juri Althonayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-5500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033449704","display_name":"Daniel C. Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-350X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-350X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054888342","display_name":"Juan Eugenio Iglesias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7569-173X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7569-173X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Eugenio Iglesias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA","Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA","Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006602019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"fwci":0.8999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72291025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":null,"first_page":"102549","last_page":"102549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-active-learning","display_name":"deep active learning","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiautomatic-segmentation","display_name":"semi-automatic segmentation","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histology","display_name":"histology","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-strategies","display_name":"query strategies","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice-score","display_name":"Dice score","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-length","display_name":"boundary length","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakly-supervised-learning","display_name":"weakly supervised learning","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roi-selection","display_name":"region of interest selection","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation-cost-reduction","display_name":"annotation cost reduction","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.8565497994422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.785507082939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7573596239089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6931414008140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1685498","display_name":"Cross entropy","level":3,"score":0.6020679473876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5691053867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5512085556983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5490187406539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19609008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138203","display_name":"Region of interest","level":2,"score":0.5435992479324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4842502772808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110484373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264398","display_name":"Adjacency list","level":2,"score":0.47639814019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4547034204006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45053690671920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3570992946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3499819338321686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2210221290588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16834253072738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1270383894443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006652","descriptor_name":"Histological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36113320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36113320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11605667","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11605667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Med Image Anal","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10156388","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10156388/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis , 81 , Article 102549. (2022)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622632528","display_name":"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/L016478/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1845585108","display_name":"Learning MRI and histology image mappings for cancer diagnosis and prognosis","funder_award_id":"EP/R006032/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2810537366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M020533/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3157788177","display_name":"Medical image computing for next-generation healthcare technology","funder_award_id":"EP/M020533/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G323562261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF1 MH123195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3953918217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006032/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6073090889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARUK-IRG2019A-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321081","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6657296360","display_name":"Open-source software for multi-scale mapping of the human brain","funder_award_id":"1rf1mh123195-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850264130","display_name":"Enabling Clinical Decisions From Low-power MRI In Developing Nations Through Image Quality Transfer","funder_award_id":"EP/R014019/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8538380161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"677697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000903406","display_name":"Diagnosing the undiagnosable: studies of Alzheimer disease mimics and confounders via \"neuropathometry\" of dissection photos with 3D scanning","funder_award_id":"R01AG070988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321081","display_name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymzm013"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335827","display_name":"UCLH Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03r9qc142"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582134693","https://openalex.org/W650733468","https://openalex.org/W1528361845","https://openalex.org/W1589990798","https://openalex.org/W1600006923","https://openalex.org/W1667869507","https://openalex.org/W1793256304","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1936642637","https://openalex.org/W1971636995","https://openalex.org/W1975672287","https://openalex.org/W1980287119","https://openalex.org/W1981948185","https://openalex.org/W1983521647","https://openalex.org/W1987906186","https://openalex.org/W1987983010","https://openalex.org/W2002605874","https://openalex.org/W2004004650","https://openalex.org/W2004007806","https://openalex.org/W2004293194","https://openalex.org/W2006348601","https://openalex.org/W2020389272","https://openalex.org/W2037192432","https://openalex.org/W2037820867","https://openalex.org/W2045546537","https://openalex.org/W2049247209","https://openalex.org/W2066828176","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2102865756","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124244761","https://openalex.org/W2125637308","https://openalex.org/W2125951969","https://openalex.org/W2140539195","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2148347694","https://openalex.org/W2152512929","https://openalex.org/W2154096410","https://openalex.org/W2163096274","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2432481613","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2471138382","https://openalex.org/W2504912000","https://openalex.org/W2601810315","https://openalex.org/W2609825896","https://openalex.org/W2618631269","https://openalex.org/W2625559849","https://openalex.org/W2750997733","https://openalex.org/W2763160469","https://openalex.org/W2769833683","https://openalex.org/W2793622148","https://openalex.org/W2795276939","https://openalex.org/W2811480054","https://openalex.org/W2883718946","https://openalex.org/W2890546378","https://openalex.org/W2891532257","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914331073","https://openalex.org/W2943948604","https://openalex.org/W2948553897","https://openalex.org/W2949071206","https://openalex.org/W2967279867","https://openalex.org/W2977942577","https://openalex.org/W2979302305","https://openalex.org/W2979394918","https://openalex.org/W2984303785","https://openalex.org/W2989750479","https://openalex.org/W2991157245","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3034265573","https://openalex.org/W3034550159","https://openalex.org/W3034586976","https://openalex.org/W3035127651","https://openalex.org/W3035367255","https://openalex.org/W3039043475","https://openalex.org/W3046830682","https://openalex.org/W3049136820","https://openalex.org/W3091468513","https://openalex.org/W3092011769","https://openalex.org/W3116982717","https://openalex.org/W3127107873","https://openalex.org/W3159178846","https://openalex.org/W3167468752","https://openalex.org/W3198975310","https://openalex.org/W3199073632","https://openalex.org/W3204396196","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4241074797","https://openalex.org/W4244531973","https://openalex.org/W4249142012","https://openalex.org/W4253570578","https://openalex.org/W4255056905","https://openalex.org/W4286696412","https://openalex.org/W4301409532","https://openalex.org/W6637428242","https://openalex.org/W6773737702","https://openalex.org/W6788470230","https://openalex.org/W6854808136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625559849","https://openalex.org/W2957013583","https://openalex.org/W3091206105","https://openalex.org/W4313527306","https://openalex.org/W3108580372","https://openalex.org/W3122512728","https://openalex.org/W4403285198","https://openalex.org/W7024748336","https://openalex.org/W2886049744","https://openalex.org/W4399169777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manual":[0],"segmentation":[1,76,140],"of":[2,4,46,62,67,103,116,184,197],"stacks":[3],"2D":[5,105],"biomedical":[6],"images":[7,69],"(e.g.,":[8],"histology)":[9],"is":[10,170],"a":[11,27,43,51,59,74,80,87,129],"time-consuming":[12],"task":[13],"which":[14,193],"can":[15,219],"be":[16],"sped":[17],"up":[18,224],"with":[19,146],"semi-automated":[20],"techniques.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"article,":[24],"we":[25,85,127],"present":[26],"suggestive":[28],"deep":[29,75],"active":[30,131],"learning":[31,132],"framework":[32,54,218],"that":[33,119,169,186,216],"seeks":[34],"to":[35,41,90,172,200,225],"minimise":[36],"the":[37,68,95,104,114,124,138,167,174,182,195,198],"annotation":[38],"effort":[39,222],"required":[40],"achieve":[42],"certain":[44],"level":[45],"accuracy":[47],"when":[48],"labelling":[49,221],"such":[50,160],"stack.":[52],"The":[53,163],"suggests,":[55],"at":[56],"every":[57],"iteration,":[58],"specific":[60],"region":[61],"interest":[63],"(ROI)":[64],"in":[65,113],"one":[66],"for":[70,94,137],"manual":[71],"delineation.":[72],"Using":[73,123],"neural":[77],"network":[78],"and":[79,142,150,178,211],"mixed":[81],"cross-entropy":[82],"loss":[83],"function,":[84],"propose":[86,128],"principled":[88],"strategy":[89,165],"estimate":[91],"class":[92],"probabilities":[93],"whole":[96],"stack,":[97],"conditioned":[98],"on":[99,110,135,206],"heterogeneous":[100],"partial":[101],"segmentations":[102],"images,":[106],"as":[107,109,161],"well":[108],"weak":[111],"supervision":[112],"form":[115],"image":[117],"indices":[118],"bound":[120],"each":[121],"ROI.":[122],"estimated":[125,139],"probabilities,":[126],"novel":[130],"criterion":[133],"based":[134],"predictions":[136],"performance":[141,177],"delineation":[143],"effort,":[144,179],"measured":[145],"average":[147],"Dice":[148],"scores":[149],"total":[151],"delineated":[152],"boundary":[153,199],"length,":[154],"respectively,":[155],"rather":[156],"than":[157],"common":[158],"surrogates":[159],"entropy.":[162],"query":[164],"suggests":[166],"ROI":[168],"expected":[171],"maximise":[173],"ratio":[175],"between":[176],"while":[180],"considering":[181],"adjacency":[183],"structures":[185],"may":[187],"have":[188],"already":[189],"been":[190],"labelled":[191],"-":[192],"decrease":[194],"length":[196],"trace.":[201],"We":[202],"provide":[203],"quantitative":[204],"results":[205],"synthetically":[207],"deformed":[208],"MRI":[209],"scans":[210],"real":[212],"histological":[213],"data,":[214],"showing":[215],"our":[217],"reduce":[220],"by":[223],"60-70%":[226],"without":[227],"compromising":[228],"accuracy.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-07-24T00:00:00"}