{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286630445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","title":"Indigenous Peoples and International Law in the Ecuadorian Amazon","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples and International Law in the Ecuadorian Amazon","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286630445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/laws11040055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/4/55/pdf?version=1657768780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737540407","display_name":"Laws","issn_l":"2075-471X","issn":["2075-471X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laws","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/4/55/pdf?version=1657768780","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035215904","display_name":"Linda Etchart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University London","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linda Etchart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035215904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1256},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1256},"fwci":19.6343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99192412,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"55","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13687","display_name":"Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecuadorian-amazon","display_name":"Ecuadorian Amazon","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-prior-and-informed-consent","display_name":"free, prior and informed consent","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-of-nature","display_name":"rights of nature","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huaorani","display_name":"Huaorani","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cofan","display_name":"Cof\u00e1n","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-exploration","display_name":"petroleum exploration","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-assessment","display_name":"environmental impact assessment","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractive-frontiers","display_name":"extractive frontiers","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-mining","display_name":"gold mining","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-mining","display_name":"illegal mining","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riverine-communities","display_name":"riverine communities","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-seizures","display_name":"land seizures","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmentalism","display_name":"developmentalism","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-western-epistemologies","display_name":"non-Western epistemologies","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-actions","display_name":"class actions","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.8765261769294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535291247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177567","display_name":"Amazon rainforest","level":2,"score":0.8638296127319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.525123655796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920486","display_name":"Indigenous rights","level":3,"score":0.48800864815711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44258052110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193170","display_name":"Ratification","level":3,"score":0.4128396809101105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.386410653591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.35590890049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3173816204071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2070116102695465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.14969855546951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/laws11040055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/4/55/pdf?version=1657768780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737540407","display_name":"Laws","issn_l":"2075-471X","issn":["2075-471X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laws","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:52095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/52095/1/Etchart-L-52095-VoR.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/52095/1/Etchart-L-52095-VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jlawss:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:55-:d:856563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/4/55/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e3049cdc3ab04dd5b5398561fd6f3cfd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e3049cdc3ab04dd5b5398561fd6f3cfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Laws, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 55 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/laws11040055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/4/55/pdf?version=1657768780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737540407","display_name":"Laws","issn_l":"2075-471X","issn":["2075-471X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laws","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286630445.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286630445.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1784759615","https://openalex.org/W2096478713","https://openalex.org/W2207574346","https://openalex.org/W2745702412","https://openalex.org/W2992130411","https://openalex.org/W3204796987","https://openalex.org/W4206706599","https://openalex.org/W4210604144","https://openalex.org/W4211158137","https://openalex.org/W4399938067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6944614098","https://openalex.org/W4205702016","https://openalex.org/W6907709876","https://openalex.org/W1554975609","https://openalex.org/W7132206811","https://openalex.org/W7220577661","https://openalex.org/W2028403786","https://openalex.org/W10407382","https://openalex.org/W4205635682","https://openalex.org/W2971926329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"adoption":[1],"and":[2,7,18,31,48,54,57,91,105,127,140,158,190,214],"ratification":[3],"of":[4,21,36,60,73,85,131,161,178,193,203,206,212],"new":[5],"conventions":[6],"treaties":[8,97],"under":[9,95],"international":[10,96],"law":[11],"designed":[12],"to":[13,88,112,144,154],"protect":[14],"both":[15],"Indigenous":[16,37,139,152,166,213],"peoples":[17,59],"the":[19,51,55,61,67,82,86,119,128,159,162,169,176,188,196,201,204,207,210],"rights":[20],"nature":[22],"have":[23,109,172,183,199],"resulted":[24],"in":[25,34,40,125,134,168],"successful":[26],"rulings":[27],"by":[28,118,175],"local,":[29],"federal,":[30],"regional":[32],"courts":[33],"favor":[35],"groups":[38],"engaged":[39],"class-action":[41],"suits":[42],"against":[43,66],"their":[44],"governments.":[45],"In":[46],"2012":[47],"2019,":[49],"respectively,":[50],"Sarayaku":[52],"Kichwa":[53],"Huaorani":[56],"Cof\u00e1n":[58],"Ecuadorian":[62,68],"Amazon":[63,170],"won":[64],"cases":[65,80],"government":[69],"for":[70,186],"its":[71],"lack":[72],"consultation":[74],"on":[75],"planned":[76,129],"oil":[77],"exploration.":[78],"Such":[79],"upholding":[81],"correct":[83],"application":[84],"right":[87],"Free,":[89],"Prior,":[90],"Informed":[92],"Consent":[93],"(FPIC)":[94],"are":[98],"rare;":[99],"more":[100],"often,":[101],"Western":[102],"judicial":[103],"systems":[104],"environmental":[106],"impact":[107],"assessments":[108],"been":[110,173],"used":[111],"serve":[113],"corporate":[114],"interests,":[115],"as":[116],"exemplified":[117],"Aguinda":[120],"v.":[121],"Texaco":[122],"case":[123],"initiated":[124],"1993":[126],"operations":[130],"Andes":[132],"Petroleum":[133],"Orellana":[135],"province":[136],"2019\u20132020,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"non-Western":[141],"epistemologies":[142],"tend":[143],"be":[145],"incompatible":[146],"with":[147],"state-driven":[148],"liberal":[149],"secular":[150],"capitalism\u2014hence":[151],"efforts":[153],"prevent":[155],"land":[156],"seizures":[157],"expansion":[160],"extractive":[163],"frontier":[164],"into":[165],"territories":[167],"rainforest":[171],"undermined":[174],"imperatives":[177],"modernization/developmentalism.":[179],"These":[180],"same":[181],"forces":[182],"stimulated":[184],"demand":[185],"gold,":[187],"legal":[189],"illegal":[191],"mining":[192],"which,":[194],"along":[195],"Napo":[197],"river,":[198],"caused":[200],"contamination":[202],"waters":[205],"Amazon,":[208],"threatening":[209],"health":[211],"non-indigenous":[215],"riverine":[216],"communities.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-23T00:00:00"}