{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286531990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","title":"On the Influential Interactive Factors on Degrees of Design Decay: A Multi-Project Study","display_name":"On the Influential Interactive Factors on Degrees of Design Decay: A Multi-Project Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286531990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608226","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079478848","display_name":"DANIEL JOSE BARBOSA COUTINHO","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Coutinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083872302","display_name":"Anderson Uch\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-5569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-5569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Uchoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Ceará (UFC),Itapajé,Brazil","(UFC), Itapaj&#x00E9",", Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Ceará (UFC),Itapajé,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(UFC), Itapaj&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103925894","display_name":"Caio Barbosa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caio Barbosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108937764","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Soares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0891-8561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0891-8561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinicius Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007792821","display_name":"Alessandro Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068689787","display_name":"Marcelo Schots","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-4637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-4637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40034438","display_name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/0198v2949","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Schots","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ),Informatics and Computer Science Department,Brazil","Informatics and Computer Science Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ),Informatics and Computer Science Department,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Computer Science Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051931293","display_name":"Juliana Alves Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-2829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-2829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliana Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039130090","display_name":"Wesley K. G. Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wesley K. G. Assuncao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),Informatics Department,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76771921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"753","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"software evolution","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refactoring","display_name":"refactoring","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-changes","display_name":"code amendments","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-factors","display_name":"process factors","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-interactions","display_name":"factor interactions","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"cohesion","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"coupling","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-complexity","display_name":"code complexity","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance-object-oriented-programming","display_name":"inheritance (object-oriented programming)","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/module-size","display_name":"module size","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-mining","display_name":"association rule mining","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality-attributes","display_name":"software quality attributes","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5546051859855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5480445027351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5146899819374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48925232887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4386539161205292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4205138385295868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21269655227661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16901609301567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner53432.2022.00093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608226","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484413656","https://openalex.org/W1487664366","https://openalex.org/W1524601730","https://openalex.org/W1525982877","https://openalex.org/W1556507321","https://openalex.org/W1612015840","https://openalex.org/W1914969610","https://openalex.org/W1933429470","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1972091638","https://openalex.org/W1984080818","https://openalex.org/W2025043404","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2044556410","https://openalex.org/W2045749853","https://openalex.org/W2081104485","https://openalex.org/W2108769867","https://openalex.org/W2110915013","https://openalex.org/W2130287281","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2141558501","https://openalex.org/W2145574830","https://openalex.org/W2147386665","https://openalex.org/W2156682363","https://openalex.org/W2158524254","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2168248828","https://openalex.org/W2293086564","https://openalex.org/W2463109813","https://openalex.org/W2494335138","https://openalex.org/W2740981432","https://openalex.org/W2742512005","https://openalex.org/W2793878264","https://openalex.org/W2794694213","https://openalex.org/W2896744621","https://openalex.org/W2898668372","https://openalex.org/W2899407111","https://openalex.org/W2922250230","https://openalex.org/W2980897813","https://openalex.org/W3017387544","https://openalex.org/W3018891781","https://openalex.org/W3027212681","https://openalex.org/W3085541756","https://openalex.org/W3096443795","https://openalex.org/W3099529967","https://openalex.org/W3114280329","https://openalex.org/W3115806781","https://openalex.org/W3173529525","https://openalex.org/W3201963033","https://openalex.org/W3217467444","https://openalex.org/W4232563686","https://openalex.org/W4246397592","https://openalex.org/W4248575338","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W6780704300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114280329","https://openalex.org/W636190832","https://openalex.org/W1933429470","https://openalex.org/W4388483365","https://openalex.org/W3195206954","https://openalex.org/W3096443795","https://openalex.org/W4200265656","https://openalex.org/W2151191515","https://openalex.org/W381747019","https://openalex.org/W2070118612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"constantly":[1],"perform":[2],"code":[3],"changes":[4,12,230],"throughout":[5],"the":[6,15,138,169,192,202,207,218,245],"lifetime":[7],"of":[8,17,84,92,101,146,161,171,209,234],"a":[9,59,153,210,241],"project.":[10],"These":[11],"may":[13,25],"induce":[14],"introduction":[16],"design":[18,53,74,123,162],"problems":[19],"(design":[20],"decay)":[21],"over":[22],"time,":[23],"which":[24,232],"be":[26],"reduced":[27],"or":[28],"accelerated":[29],"by":[30],"interacting":[31,173],"with":[32,122,143],"different":[33,159],"factors":[34,49,72,151,174,236],"(e.g.,":[35],"refactorings)":[36],"that":[37,195,205,229],"underlie":[38],"each":[39],"change.":[40],"However,":[41,221],"existing":[42],"studies":[43],"lack":[44],"evidence":[45],"about":[46],"how":[47,66,119],"these":[48,158,187,235],"interact":[50],"and":[51,65,70,110,114,118,149,177],"influence":[52,73],"decay.":[54,75,124,147,163,249],"Thus,":[55],"this":[56,126],"paper":[57],"reports":[58],"study":[60],"aimed":[61],"at":[62],"investigating":[63],"whether":[64],"(associations":[67],"of)":[68],"process":[69],"developer":[71],"We":[76,112],"studied":[77],"seven":[78],"software":[79],"systems,":[80],"containing":[81],"an":[82],"average":[83],"45K":[85],"commits":[86],"in":[87,99,156,186,231],"more":[88],"than":[89],"six":[90],"years":[91],"project":[93],"history.":[94],"Design":[95],"decay":[96,184],"was":[97],"characterized":[98,115],"terms":[100],"five":[102],"internal":[103],"quality":[104],"attributes:":[105],"cohesion,":[106],"coupling,":[107],"complexity,":[108],"inheritance,":[109],"size.":[111],"observed":[113,182],"12":[116],"(sub-)factors":[117],"they":[120],"associate":[121],"To":[125],"end,":[127],"we":[128,134,165,181,227],"employed":[129],"association":[130],"rule":[131],"mining.":[132],"Moreover,":[133],"also":[135],"differentiate":[136],"between":[137],"associations":[139],"found":[140],"on":[141,167,217,244],"modules":[142],"varying":[144],"levels":[145,160],"Process-":[148],"developer-related":[150,193],"played":[152],"key":[154],"role":[155],"discriminating":[157],"Then,":[164],"focused":[166],"analyzing":[168,223],"effects":[170,216],"potentially":[172],"regarding":[175],"slightly-":[176],"largely-decayed":[178],"modules.":[179,188],"Finally,":[180],"diverging":[183],"patterns":[185],"For":[189],"example,":[190],"individually,":[191],"sub-factor":[194],"represented":[196,206],"first-time":[197],"contributors,":[198],"as":[199,201],"well":[200],"process-related":[203],"one":[204],"size":[208],"change":[211],"did":[212],"not":[213],"have":[214,240],"negative":[215,242],"changed":[219],"classes.":[220],"when":[222],"specific":[224],"factor":[225],"interactions,":[226],"saw":[228],"both":[233],"interacted":[237],"tended":[238],"to":[239,248],"effect":[243],"code,":[246],"leading":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-07-22T00:00:00"}