{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285809653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","title":"Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image velocimetry for validation of two-dimensional hydraulic model simulations","display_name":"Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image velocimetry for validation of two-dimensional hydraulic model simulations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285809653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422007892/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422007892/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044105976","display_name":"Christopher Masafu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-1507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-1507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Masafu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016091226","display_name":"Richard David Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-1947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-1947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068409408","display_name":"Xiaogang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-4749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-4749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047576305","display_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067723174","display_name":"Mark A. Trigg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-9332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-9332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Trigg","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044105976","https://openalex.org/A5068409408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"fwci":3.5863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94330755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"612","issue":null,"first_page":"128217","last_page":"128217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.08420000225305557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-particle-image-velocimetry","display_name":"large-scale particle image velocimetry","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-calibration","display_name":"model calibration","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-surface-velocity","display_name":"river surface velocity","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravel-bed-rivers","display_name":"gravel-bed rivers","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-averaged-velocity","display_name":"depth-averaged velocity","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-concepts","display_name":"probability concepts","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-distribution","display_name":"velocity distribution","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hec-ras","display_name":"HEC-RAS","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-doppler-current-profiler","display_name":"acoustic Doppler current profiler","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-intrusive-flow-measurement","display_name":"non-invasive flow measurement","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207857233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756248","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.7831667065620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144836735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7919269","display_name":"Velocimetry","level":2,"score":0.6681820154190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.613241970539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169961344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177784","display_name":"Hydraulics","level":2,"score":0.6086649298667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5257288217544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4946553409099579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.49431753158569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.4733674228191376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4664776921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43697160482406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4353964924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172395734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674632","display_name":"Acoustic Doppler velocimetry","level":4,"score":0.4309002459049225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3448195457458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3218555748462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3161966800689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2792918384075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52305850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420475","display_name":"Laser Doppler velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.1573704183101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14532747864723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14469844102859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11035680770874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.10624939203262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09802126884460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08481693267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158846371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Blood flow","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422007892/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:275298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/275298/1/275298.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/275298/1/275298.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:191143","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/191143/1/Unpiloted%20Aerial%20Vehicle%20%28UAV%29%20image%20velocimetry%20for%20validation%20of%20two-dimensional%20hydraulic%20model%20simulations.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/191143/1/Unpiloted%20Aerial%20Vehicle%20%28UAV%29%20image%20velocimetry%20for%20validation%20of%20two-dimensional%20hydraulic%20model%20simulations.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128217","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422007892/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320337","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285809653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285809653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150443231","https://openalex.org/W1504073505","https://openalex.org/W1544995428","https://openalex.org/W1585654380","https://openalex.org/W1911068366","https://openalex.org/W1924187595","https://openalex.org/W1925415138","https://openalex.org/W1973807249","https://openalex.org/W1974627413","https://openalex.org/W1980207791","https://openalex.org/W1991610518","https://openalex.org/W1992683902","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2006907724","https://openalex.org/W2016786992","https://openalex.org/W2032146370","https://openalex.org/W2041637737","https://openalex.org/W2045998034","https://openalex.org/W2055442912","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2059478973","https://openalex.org/W2063712217","https://openalex.org/W2066380881","https://openalex.org/W2069670068","https://openalex.org/W2072364140","https://openalex.org/W2074011685","https://openalex.org/W2078399286","https://openalex.org/W2080841803","https://openalex.org/W2087039005","https://openalex.org/W2090433483","https://openalex.org/W2092168460","https://openalex.org/W2092233897","https://openalex.org/W2092630891","https://openalex.org/W2097795807","https://openalex.org/W2112480589","https://openalex.org/W2118944048","https://openalex.org/W2138221697","https://openalex.org/W2141593068","https://openalex.org/W2156289392","https://openalex.org/W2161513683","https://openalex.org/W2163242579","https://openalex.org/W2173814343","https://openalex.org/W2290664497","https://openalex.org/W2292883899","https://openalex.org/W2565333214","https://openalex.org/W2587446396","https://openalex.org/W2588716152","https://openalex.org/W2736562002","https://openalex.org/W2740993754","https://openalex.org/W2766241550","https://openalex.org/W2769360579","https://openalex.org/W2770299422","https://openalex.org/W2782548132","https://openalex.org/W2792257242","https://openalex.org/W2794262853","https://openalex.org/W2800570836","https://openalex.org/W2802835394","https://openalex.org/W2890209531","https://openalex.org/W2890811102","https://openalex.org/W2903255282","https://openalex.org/W2913836248","https://openalex.org/W2924276550","https://openalex.org/W2939006302","https://openalex.org/W2941906468","https://openalex.org/W2962592223","https://openalex.org/W2962947570","https://openalex.org/W2963634451","https://openalex.org/W2977599245","https://openalex.org/W2999271209","https://openalex.org/W3010945788","https://openalex.org/W3013412073","https://openalex.org/W3014025174","https://openalex.org/W3016828824","https://openalex.org/W3020896488","https://openalex.org/W3035692058","https://openalex.org/W3084275620","https://openalex.org/W3101374360","https://openalex.org/W3107492873","https://openalex.org/W3108028962","https://openalex.org/W3122007051","https://openalex.org/W3126249852","https://openalex.org/W3161349071","https://openalex.org/W3171333912","https://openalex.org/W3181919307","https://openalex.org/W3193886938","https://openalex.org/W6664554499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181919307","https://openalex.org/W2885055291","https://openalex.org/W2792257242","https://openalex.org/W4393910485","https://openalex.org/W1997450791","https://openalex.org/W7024203452","https://openalex.org/W1504073505","https://openalex.org/W2999271209","https://openalex.org/W7037280849","https://openalex.org/W4414740051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-intrusive":[0],"image-based":[1],"techniques":[2],"for":[3,17,156,171,175,193],"measuring":[4],"surface":[5,29],"river":[6,127],"velocities":[7,30,53,130,279],"have":[8],"rapidly":[9,36],"evolved":[10],"as":[11,41],"a":[12,32,124,148],"cost-effective":[13],"and":[14,37,83,118,140,173],"safe":[15],"means":[16],"quantifying":[18],"flow":[19,52,86],"patterns.":[20],"Large-scale":[21],"particle":[22],"image":[23,92],"velocimetry":[24,93],"(LSPIV)":[25],"can":[26,113],"provide":[27],"instantaneous":[28],"over":[31],"large":[33,76],"spatial":[34,49],"footprint":[35],"with":[38,223,247,277,283],"little":[39],"pre-calibration":[40],"compared":[42,252],"to":[43,61,68,116,168,232,237,253,264],"traditional":[44,284],"techniques.":[45],"Assessment":[46],"of":[47,51,65,85,91,98,151,196,200,218,272,289],"the":[48,81,89,96,143,197,219,254,266,270,287],"distribution":[50,84],"in":[54,94,123,161,225],"hydraulic":[55,102,260,274],"models":[56,103,275],"has":[57,104],"been":[58,106],"comparatively":[59],"harder":[60],"achieve":[62],"than":[63],"assessment":[64,195],"depth":[66,238],"due":[67],"logistical":[69],"challenges":[70],"but":[71],"would":[72],"be":[73,114],"aided":[74],"using":[75,133,142,235],"observational":[77],"datasets":[78],"that":[79,154],"represent":[80],"variability":[82],"hydraulics.":[87],"Additionally,":[88],"efficacy":[90],"assessing":[95],"accuracy":[97],"outputs":[99,199],"from":[100,177],"2D":[101,120,202,205,273],"not":[105],"addressed.":[107],"Here,":[108],"we":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"how":[111],"LSPIV":[112,129,172,212,240,278],"used":[115,167],"calibrate":[117],"validate":[119],"model":[121,203,206],"predictions":[122],"gravel":[125],"bed":[126],"reach.":[128],"are":[131,262],"depth-averaged":[132],"standard":[134],"velocity":[135,152,158,191,198,229],"coefficients":[136],"(":[137],"\u03b1":[138],")":[139],"then":[141],"Probability":[144,267],"Concept":[145,268],"(PC)":[146],"-":[147],"probabilistic":[149],"formulation":[150],"distributions":[153,250],"accounts":[155],"non-standard":[157],"profiles,":[159],"typical":[160],"field":[162],"settings.":[163],"UAV":[164],"surveys":[165],"were":[166],"acquire":[169],"video":[170],"imagery":[174],"Structure":[176],"Motion":[178],"(SfM)":[179],"topographic":[180],"modelling.":[181],"We":[182],"use":[183],"spatially":[184],"dense":[185],"acoustic":[186],"doppler":[187],"current":[188],"profiler":[189],"(aDcp)":[190],"data":[192],"benchmark":[194],"HEC-RAS":[201],"simulations.":[204],"prediction":[207],"error,":[208],"based":[209,256],"on":[210,281],"seeded":[211],"velocities,":[213],"was":[214],"within":[215],"range":[216],"(4.2%)":[217],"aDcp":[220,255],"parametrised":[221],"model,":[222],"improvements":[224],"modelled":[226],"versus":[227],"predicted":[228],"correlations":[230],"(up":[231],"7.7%)":[233],"when":[234,251],"PC":[236],"average":[239],"velocities.":[241],"Validation":[242],"bias":[243],"reduced":[244],"significantly":[245],"(11%)":[246],"tighter":[248],"error":[249],"model.":[257],"Although":[258],"additional":[259],"measurements":[261],"required":[263],"parametrise":[265],"algorithm,":[269],"performance":[271],"calibrated/validated":[276],"is":[280],"par":[282],"techniques,":[285],"demonstrating":[286],"potential":[288],"this":[290],"non-intrusive,":[291],"low-cost":[292],"approach.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-19T00:00:00"}
