{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285744470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","title":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1670-1744","display_name":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1670-1744","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285744470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","pdf_url":"https://jaa.tu.edu.iq/index.php/jaa/article/download/465/451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278470","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","issn_l":"2074-9554","issn":["2074-9554","2663-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://jaa.tu.edu.iq/index.php/jaa/article/download/465/451","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087140555","display_name":"\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087140555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"50","first_page":"38","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14386","display_name":"Libraries, Manuscripts, and Books","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14386","display_name":"Libraries, Manuscripts, and Books","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13450","display_name":"Turkish Literature and Culture","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-printing","display_name":"Arabic printing","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ottoman-empire","display_name":"Ottoman Empire","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ottoman-diplomacy","display_name":"Ottoman diplomacy","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-printing","display_name":"printing history","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2741190791130066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","pdf_url":"https://jaa.tu.edu.iq/index.php/jaa/article/download/465/451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278470","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","issn_l":"2074-9554","issn":["2074-9554","2663-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.51990/2228-014-050-003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/2228-014-050-003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51990/2228-014-050-003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278470","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","issn_l":"2074-9554","issn":["2074-9554","2663-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.1.3","pdf_url":"https://jaa.tu.edu.iq/index.php/jaa/article/download/465/451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278470","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","issn_l":"2074-9554","issn":["2074-9554","2663-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285744470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285744470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6922830535","https://openalex.org/W4404380216","https://openalex.org/W3167369473","https://openalex.org/W4235989125","https://openalex.org/W4367053028","https://openalex.org/W2913804421","https://openalex.org/W3140763661","https://openalex.org/W4285040015","https://openalex.org/W4408108621","https://openalex.org/W600341213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[1,65,105,124],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621":[2],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[3,53],"\u0631\u062c\u0644":[4,25],"\u0645\u0646":[5,29,37,129,157],"\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[7,18,34,57],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[8,35],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[9],"\u0644\u0647":[10],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644":[11],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631":[12],"\u0641\u064a":[13,69],"\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644":[14],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[16,33,39,66,79,106,125,164],"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644":[17],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[19,24],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629":[21],"\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645":[22,131],"\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629":[23,68,78,132,140,145,163],"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a":[26],"\u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641":[27],"\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645":[28],"\u0623\u0635\u0644":[30],"\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0623":[32],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c":[40],"\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628":[41],"\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647":[42],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629":[44],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629":[45],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629":[46],"\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647":[47],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[49],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629":[50],"\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[52],"\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a":[55],"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647":[56],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b":[58],"\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0627\u064b":[59],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b":[60],"\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646":[61],"\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c":[63],"\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642":[64,104],"\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f":[67],"\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629":[71,127],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[72],"\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629":[73],"(\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629)":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[76,114,136],"\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627":[77],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646":[80],"\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b":[82,111],"(1703-1730)":[83],"\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[85],"\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c":[87,121],"\u062b\u0645":[88,103,122,143],"\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[90],"\u0639\u0627\u0645":[91],"1726":[92,113],"\u0628\u0639\u062f":[93],"\u0623\u0646":[94],"\u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a":[95],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c":[97],"\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628":[98],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627":[99],"\u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628":[101],"\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[108,161],"\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647":[109],"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f":[110],"\u0633\u0646\u0629":[112,146],"\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632":[115],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[116],"\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629":[117],"\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629":[119],"\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[120],"\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b":[123],"\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633":[126],"\u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627":[128],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[130],"\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f":[133],"\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c":[134],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635":[135],"\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a":[137],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[138],"\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a":[139],"\u0648\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647":[141],"\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c":[142],"\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629":[144],"1744":[147],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644":[148],"\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647":[149],"\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629":[150],"\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629":[151],"\u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646":[152],"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b":[153],"\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a":[154],"\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629":[155],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[156],"\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a":[158],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646":[160],"\u0633\u0639\u0649":[162],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638":[165],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-07-18T00:00:00"}