{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285741398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","title":"The Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 in Afghanistan: The Way Forward","display_name":"The Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 in Afghanistan: The Way Forward","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285741398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35789795","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9250343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/idr.s365868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=81757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765028195","display_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","issn_l":"1178-6973","issn":["1178-6973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=81757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007994656","display_name":"Abdullah Asady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-739X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-739X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19231517","display_name":"Kabul University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht5pq60","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19231517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130921879","display_name":"Kabul University of Medical Sciences Abu Ali Ibn Sina","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndvz068","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130921879"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Asady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan","Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-739X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19231517","https://openalex.org/I3130921879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018614505","display_name":"Mohammad Faiq Sediqi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19231517","display_name":"Kabul University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht5pq60","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19231517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130921879","display_name":"Kabul University of Medical Sciences Abu Ali Ibn Sina","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndvz068","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130921879"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Faiq Sediqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Histology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan","Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Histology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19231517","https://openalex.org/I3130921879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065390443","display_name":"Sayed Samir Habibi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Samir Habibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, Just for Afghan Capacity and Knowledge, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007994656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19231517","https://openalex.org/I3130921879"],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":0.9359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68801733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 15","issue":null,"first_page":"3369","last_page":"3371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.11259999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13032","display_name":"COVID-19 Prevention and Impact","score":0.10930000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-wave","display_name":"fourth wave","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan","display_name":"Afghanistan","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-resurgence","display_name":"pandemic resurgence","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-shortage","display_name":"vaccine shortage","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-vaccination","display_name":"COVID-19 vaccination","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-awareness-campaigns","display_name":"public awareness campaigns","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-donor-support","display_name":"international donor funding","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-instability","display_name":"political instability","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-workforce-shortage","display_name":"health workforce shortage","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-capacity","display_name":"diagnostic capacity","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5932496190071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152545","display_name":"Functional illiteracy","level":2,"score":0.570393979549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5561599135398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5350880026817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.534720242023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4171648323535919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3807859420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.3674367368221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3239189386367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31988462805747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3123018145561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1259673833847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.10423359274864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/idr.s365868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=81757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765028195","display_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","issn_l":"1178-6973","issn":["1178-6973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35789795","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35789795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and drug resistance","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9250343","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250343/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infect Drug Resist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:116ec513ba0c4f6288ba46a94c9d1ad3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/116ec513ba0c4f6288ba46a94c9d1ad3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance, Vol Volume 15, Pp 3369-3371 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/76201","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/the-fourth-wave-of-the-covid-19-in-afghanistan-the-way-forward-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Commentary"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/idr.s365868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s365868","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=81757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765028195","display_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","issn_l":"1178-6973","issn":["1178-6973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324298","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285741398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285741398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3012911245","https://openalex.org/W3013799958","https://openalex.org/W3192184492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192184492","https://openalex.org/W3192792403","https://openalex.org/W3087109912","https://openalex.org/W3200075449","https://openalex.org/W4292854763","https://openalex.org/W4402818373","https://openalex.org/W4210601224","https://openalex.org/W3110403148","https://openalex.org/W3168977138","https://openalex.org/W4315782026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,129],"COVID-19":[1,49,74,122,172,206],"pandemic":[2],"hit":[3],"Afghanistan":[4],"at":[5],"a":[6,15,138,200,244],"time":[7],"when":[8],"the":[9,23,27,30,41,48,53,60,70,73,83,94,121,127,144,147,181,190,193,205,209,216,227,254],"country":[10,34],"was":[11],"most":[12,228],"vulnerable,":[13],"with":[14,180],"fragile":[16],"healthcare":[17,105,108,152,213,269],"system":[18],"and":[19,25,110,118,154,160,174,232,268],"unable":[20],"to":[21,136,141,164,188,198,203,225,238,242],"contain":[22],"disease,":[24],"meet":[26],"needs":[28],"of":[29,40,47,72,98,114,120,212,247],"vulnerable":[31,229],"people.":[32],"has":[35,63],"gone":[36],"through":[37,259],"four":[38],"waves":[39],"disease":[42],"thus":[43],"far.":[44,90],"An":[45],"analysis":[46],"cases":[50,75],"reported":[51],"by":[52,264],"District":[54],"Health":[55],"Information":[56],"Software-2":[57],"shows":[58],"that":[59,82],"fourth":[61],"wave":[62,85],"just":[64],"passed":[65],"in":[66,76,192,208],"March":[67],"2022.":[68],"With":[69],"resurgence":[71],"other":[77,155],"countries,":[78],"it":[79],"is":[80],"likely":[81],"next":[84],"might":[86],"not":[87,134],"be":[88,199,223,239,257],"too":[89],"Challenges":[91],"such":[92],"as":[93],"lack":[95],"or":[96],"insufficiency":[97],"donor":[99],"funds,":[100],"unstable":[101],"political":[102],"situation,":[103],"inadequate":[104],"services,":[106,214],"insufficient":[107],"workers":[109,153],"diagnostic":[111],"capacity,":[112],"illiteracy":[113],"people,":[115],"poor":[116],"economy":[117],"shortage":[119],"vaccine":[123,255],"are":[124],"greatly":[125],"threatening":[126],"nation.":[128,169],"de":[130],"facto":[131],"authority":[132],"does":[133],"seem":[135],"have":[137,176,243],"clear":[139],"plan":[140],"fight":[142],"against":[143],"pandemic.":[145],"Therefore,":[146],"international":[148,185],"community,":[149],"civil":[150],"societies,":[151],"stakeholders":[156],"should":[157,222,256],"stay":[158],"alert":[159],"combine":[161],"their":[162,178],"efforts":[163],"rescue":[165],"an":[166],"already":[167],"plagued":[168],"Fortunately,":[170],"many":[171],"hospitals":[173],"laboratories":[175],"resumed":[177],"activities":[179],"funds":[182],"coming":[183],"from":[184],"donors.":[186],"However,":[187],"combat":[189],"infection":[191],"long":[194],"term,":[195],"there":[196],"seems":[197],"great":[201],"need":[202,237],"integrate":[204],"services":[207,235],"existing":[210],"package":[211],"ie":[215],"Sehatmandi":[217],"project.":[218],"Moreover,":[219],"awareness":[220,260],"campaigns":[221,261],"continued":[224],"keep":[226],"groups":[230],"safe":[231],"protected.":[233],"Vaccination":[234],"also":[236],"speeded":[240],"up":[241],"significant":[245],"portion":[246],"people":[248],"immunized.":[249],"Public":[250],"willingness":[251],"towards":[252],"getting":[253],"increased":[258],"mostly":[262],"conducted":[263],"social":[265],"media":[266],"volunteers":[267],"workers.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-07-18T00:00:00"}
