{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285740903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","title":"Rural Livelihoods and Forest Incomes in the Etinde Community Forest of South West Cameroon","display_name":"Rural Livelihoods and Forest Incomes in the Etinde Community Forest of South West Cameroon","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285740903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/oalib.1108793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196074","display_name":"OALib","issn_l":"2333-9705","issn":["2333-9705","2333-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OALib","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047810183","display_name":"Mukete Beckline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-4015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-4015"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukete Beckline","raw_affiliation_strings":["Community Service for Environmental Protection, Buea, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Community Service for Environmental Protection, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114025347","display_name":"Zhongqiu Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqiu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048687311","display_name":"Vivian Njole Ntoko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivian Ntoko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Community Service for Environmental Protection, Buea, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Community Service for Environmental Protection, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092315581","display_name":"Ngwesse Dominic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166020","display_name":"Ecosystem Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mbqa235","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210166020","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259508","display_name":"Pan African Institute for Development Regional Institute for West Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02b8rce15","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}],"countries":["AU","CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Ngwesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Science, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Conservation Biology, Ecology, Ecosystem Science , Environmental Sciences , Environmental Sciences","Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Science, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Conservation Biology, Ecology, Ecosystem Science , Environmental Sciences , Environmental Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014707088","display_name":"Abdul Halim Manan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-0662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-0662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Manan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry, Range and Wild Life Management, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry, Range and Wild Life Management, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101340366","display_name":"Yang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5513-6833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5513-6833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006479242","display_name":"Ngoe Mukete","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoe Mukete","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031845195","display_name":"Loveline Che","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259508","display_name":"Pan African Institute for Development Regional Institute for West Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02b8rce15","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loveline Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092754511","display_name":"Jacinta Foncha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259508","display_name":"Pan African Institute for Development Regional Institute for West Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02b8rce15","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacinta Foncha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development Studies, Pan African Institute for Development West Africa, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47400786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"09","issue":"07","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-livelihoods","display_name":"rural livelihoods","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-dependent-households","display_name":"forest-dependent households","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-forest","display_name":"community forest","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuelwood-collection","display_name":"fuelwood collection","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timber-harvesting","display_name":"logging","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-smart-agriculture","display_name":"climate-smart agriculture","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-forest-management","display_name":"sustainable forest management","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"agroforestry","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southwest-cameroon","display_name":"Southwest Cameroon","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.8869791030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6137677431106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.5537973046302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4907558858394623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4371011257171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986257353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3821752","display_name":"Rural community","level":2,"score":0.42335349321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988676352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773637","display_name":"Rural development","level":3,"score":0.4225095212459564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18058046698570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.17232614755630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.1272086203098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09398889541625977}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/oalib.1108793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196074","display_name":"OALib","issn_l":"2333-9705","issn":["2333-9705","2333-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OALib","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/oalib.1108793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196074","display_name":"OALib","issn_l":"2333-9705","issn":["2333-9705","2333-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OALib","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285740903.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285740903.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204820159","https://openalex.org/W1971430944","https://openalex.org/W1975843328","https://openalex.org/W1976311724","https://openalex.org/W2009109784","https://openalex.org/W2032710203","https://openalex.org/W2034250214","https://openalex.org/W2066887789","https://openalex.org/W2116993940","https://openalex.org/W2123053020","https://openalex.org/W2142110390","https://openalex.org/W2170853760","https://openalex.org/W2179438138","https://openalex.org/W2188869139","https://openalex.org/W2576311504","https://openalex.org/W2585363684","https://openalex.org/W2585948068","https://openalex.org/W2589461898","https://openalex.org/W2592843785","https://openalex.org/W2605447891","https://openalex.org/W2621028031","https://openalex.org/W2740053349","https://openalex.org/W2765434079","https://openalex.org/W2778056649","https://openalex.org/W2790387490","https://openalex.org/W2791269428","https://openalex.org/W2793622318","https://openalex.org/W2799533960","https://openalex.org/W2885051886","https://openalex.org/W2897222646","https://openalex.org/W2964442202","https://openalex.org/W2979692381","https://openalex.org/W3014147423","https://openalex.org/W3193442965","https://openalex.org/W3217408695","https://openalex.org/W4205182196","https://openalex.org/W4229642287","https://openalex.org/W4236128292","https://openalex.org/W4285302464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885051886","https://openalex.org/W2794173524","https://openalex.org/W7066218053","https://openalex.org/W7159824264","https://openalex.org/W3164289301","https://openalex.org/W7125957056","https://openalex.org/W4306652544","https://openalex.org/W2942443536","https://openalex.org/W2112484322","https://openalex.org/W4213071124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"several":[1],"decades,":[2],"many":[3],"households":[4,72],"in":[5,87,118,122,128,161],"rural":[6,71,155,174],"areas":[7],"have":[8],"relied":[9],"on":[10,76,151],"surrounding":[11,77],"forests":[12,30,49,152],"for":[13,37],"their":[14,74],"livelihoods,":[15,156],"safety":[16],"nets":[17],"and":[18,31,40,62,73,107,126,135,153,172],"sustenance.This":[19],"reliance":[20,75,150],"is":[21],"most":[22],"often":[23],"determined":[24],"by":[25],"the":[26,35,55,81,88,114,142,157],"household's":[27],"characteristics,":[28],"available":[29],"economic":[32],"benefits.That":[33],"notwithstanding,":[34],"demand":[36],"more":[38],"farmlands":[39],"unsustainable":[41],"harvesting":[42,125,137],"of":[43,57,91,113,141],"forest":[44,78,123],"resources":[45,79,124],"are":[46],"pushing":[47],"these":[48],"into":[50],"depletion.This":[51],"rapid":[52],"decline":[53],"endangers":[54],"livelihoods":[56],"forest-reliant":[58],"households,":[59,97],"threatens":[60],"biodiversity":[61],"impacts":[63],"climate":[64],"change":[65],"adaptation":[66],"efforts.The":[67],"present":[68],"study":[69],"examines":[70],"around":[80],"Etinde":[82],"Community":[83],"Forest,":[84],"Fako":[85],"Division":[86],"Southwest":[89],"Region":[90],"Cameroon.Data":[92],"were":[93],"collected":[94],"from":[95],"300":[96],"spread":[98],"across":[99],"10":[100],"villages":[101],"using":[102],"15":[103],"focus":[104],"group":[105],"discussions":[106],"household":[108,145],"surveys.Results":[109],"showed":[110],"that":[111],"89%":[112],"population":[115],"was":[116],"involved":[117],"farming":[119],"activities,":[120],"100%":[121],"24%":[127],"other":[129],"small":[130],"businesses.In":[131],"addition,":[132],"fuelwood":[133],"collection":[134],"wood":[136],"contributed":[138],"about":[139],"32.4%":[140],"average":[143],"total":[144],"income.In":[146],"order":[147],"to":[148],"curtail":[149],"improve":[154,173],"government":[158],"should":[159],"invest":[160],"alternative":[162],"domestic":[163],"cooking":[164],"energy":[165],"sources,":[166],"climate-smart":[167],"agriculture,":[168],"sustainable":[169],"forestry,":[170],"agroforestry":[171],"transport":[175],"networks.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2022-07-18T00:00:00"}