{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285093545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","title":"State Adoption of Cryptocurrency: a Case Study Analysis of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela","display_name":"State Adoption of Cryptocurrency: a Case Study Analysis of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285093545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33697/ajur.2022.055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172541","display_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","issn_l":"1536-4585","issn":["1536-4585","2375-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055804288","display_name":"Rose Mahdavieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rose Mahdavieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055804288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2237,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89694968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13007","display_name":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency-adoption","display_name":"cryptocurrency adoption","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-sanctions","display_name":"external sanctions","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-volatility","display_name":"economic volatility","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia","display_name":"Russia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venezuela","display_name":"Venezuela","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"digital currency","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy","display_name":"public policy","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9341736435890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.7445114254951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.6934342384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.6365516781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5413079857826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5248318314552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4620809555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4520532786846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.43740078806877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37899720668792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3625536561012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3525633215904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33604884147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15568751096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.13485464453697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0947122871875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09048908948898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33697/ajur.2022.055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172541","display_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","issn_l":"1536-4585","issn":["1536-4585","2375-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33697/ajur.2022.055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172541","display_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","issn_l":"1536-4585","issn":["1536-4585","2375-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285093545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285093545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504601302","https://openalex.org/W1597706729","https://openalex.org/W2021875384","https://openalex.org/W2138727760","https://openalex.org/W2188086136","https://openalex.org/W2188632414","https://openalex.org/W2199088627","https://openalex.org/W2202735273","https://openalex.org/W2257985155","https://openalex.org/W2298284310","https://openalex.org/W2766450158","https://openalex.org/W2807740518","https://openalex.org/W2810348960","https://openalex.org/W2890808799","https://openalex.org/W2900124569","https://openalex.org/W2912260954","https://openalex.org/W2941387377","https://openalex.org/W3122979042","https://openalex.org/W3123935426","https://openalex.org/W3138049596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993406044","https://openalex.org/W7017171762","https://openalex.org/W7171947123","https://openalex.org/W4405303487","https://openalex.org/W3093140621","https://openalex.org/W4407151350","https://openalex.org/W7215822524","https://openalex.org/W7171714971","https://openalex.org/W7044115826","https://openalex.org/W7213941321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,11,18],"digital":[3,19],"currency":[4,20],"is":[5],"becoming":[6],"prevalent":[7],"in":[8,64],"the":[9],"age":[10],"globalization":[12],"\u2013":[13],"specifically,":[14],"cryptocurrencies,":[15,36],"a":[16],"subset":[17],"that":[21,28,59,62],"encompass":[22],"revolutionary":[23],"technology.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"postulates":[27],"certain":[29],"governments":[30],"are":[31],"more":[32],"prone":[33],"to":[34,40],"adopting":[35,65],"especially":[37],"those":[38],"seeking":[39],"eschew":[41],"international":[42],"sanctions":[43],"and":[44,57,77],"protect":[45],"corrupt":[46],"practices.":[47],"Three":[48],"comparative":[49],"case":[50],"studies":[51],"focus":[52],"on":[53],"countries":[54],"(Iran,":[55],"Russia,":[56],"Venezuela)":[58],"share":[60],"attributes":[61],"result":[63],"what":[66],"has":[67],"been":[68],"called":[69],"\u201cnative":[70],"cryptocurrencies\u201d:":[71],"corruption,":[72],"GDP":[73],"level,":[74],"economic":[75],"volatility,":[76],"Western":[78],"sanctions.":[79],"KEYWORDS:":[80],"Cryptocurrency;":[81],"Blockchain;":[82],"Political":[83],"Science;":[84],"Law;":[85],"Foreign":[86],"Sanctions;":[87],"Government;":[88],"Iran;":[89],"Russia;":[90],"Venezuela":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}