{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285085645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","title":"TikTok and Child Hypersexualization: Analysis of Videos and Narratives of Minors","display_name":"TikTok and Child Hypersexualization: Analysis of Videos and Narratives of Minors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285085645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106613514","display_name":"American Journal of Sexuality Education","issn_l":"1554-6128","issn":["1554-6128","1554-6136"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sexuality Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10835/20563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060869679","display_name":"Encarnaci\u00f3n Soriano Ayala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-0625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-0625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52354020","display_name":"University of Almer\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/003d3xx08","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Encarnaci\u00f3n Soriano-Ayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006901440","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Bonillo D\u00edaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52354020","display_name":"University of Almer\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/003d3xx08","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Bonillo D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084744673","display_name":"Ver\u00f3nica C. Cala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-1667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-1667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52354020","display_name":"University of Almer\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/003d3xx08","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ver\u00f3nica C. Cala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084744673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9593653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"210","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiktok","display_name":"TikTok","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexualization","display_name":"child sexualization","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersexualization","display_name":"hypersexualization","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minors","display_name":"minors","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-sexualization","display_name":"self-sexualization","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectification","display_name":"objectification","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying","display_name":"bullying","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-image","display_name":"body image","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-risks","display_name":"online risks","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467001","display_name":"Sexualization","level":3,"score":0.9372578859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6133003234863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5797001719474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5485471487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25032326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185467","display_name":"Socialization","level":2,"score":0.5108610987663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075072","display_name":"Objectification","level":2,"score":0.5071954727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143515210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2479662","display_name":"Legal psychology","level":2,"score":0.4976849853992462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4507479965686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.43761366605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34302574396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.32397323846817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.2442251443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09913566708564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106613514","display_name":"American Journal of Sexuality Education","issn_l":"1554-6128","issn":["1554-6128","1554-6136"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sexuality Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835/20563","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10835/20563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400756","display_name":"Repositorio de Patentes de la Universidad de Almer\u00eda (Universidad de Almer\u00eda)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835/20563","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10835/20563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400756","display_name":"Repositorio de Patentes de la Universidad de Almer\u00eda (Universidad de Almer\u00eda)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4433377690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-101668-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/042ge0913"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552338357","https://openalex.org/W1600985308","https://openalex.org/W1970717131","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2028385011","https://openalex.org/W2060350444","https://openalex.org/W2101372068","https://openalex.org/W2126729776","https://openalex.org/W2154362203","https://openalex.org/W2185721895","https://openalex.org/W2242645466","https://openalex.org/W2300872576","https://openalex.org/W2330294591","https://openalex.org/W2335816191","https://openalex.org/W2472115695","https://openalex.org/W2477517785","https://openalex.org/W2497935662","https://openalex.org/W2607403110","https://openalex.org/W2610386253","https://openalex.org/W2765243301","https://openalex.org/W2785005233","https://openalex.org/W2891328782","https://openalex.org/W2897341104","https://openalex.org/W2906008690","https://openalex.org/W2915182892","https://openalex.org/W2962393763","https://openalex.org/W2990182400","https://openalex.org/W2997422492","https://openalex.org/W2999427519","https://openalex.org/W3006382687","https://openalex.org/W3010843081","https://openalex.org/W3036535408","https://openalex.org/W3133299473","https://openalex.org/W3154090670","https://openalex.org/W3173237780","https://openalex.org/W3174899963","https://openalex.org/W3196453225","https://openalex.org/W4233233806","https://openalex.org/W4237577556","https://openalex.org/W4238732959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7094508058","https://openalex.org/W6990924607","https://openalex.org/W4407831112","https://openalex.org/W6989193655","https://openalex.org/W4386047281","https://openalex.org/W7217372619","https://openalex.org/W7135443700","https://openalex.org/W7015246369","https://openalex.org/W4383695078","https://openalex.org/W4415741410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,141,210],"objective":[1],"of":[2,10,23,46,118,138,162,181,200,212],"this":[3],"study":[4,41,64],"is":[5,124,132,173,235],"to":[6,17,69,237],"analyze":[7],"the":[8,21,27,53,100,127,139,213,219,222],"degree":[9],"sexualization":[11,47,149],"observed":[12],"in":[13,48,58,90,152,169,198],"TikTok":[14,70],"videos":[15,50],"and":[16,60,78,113,121,131,175,194,217,224,227],"compare":[18],"it":[19,107,168,172],"with":[20,65,126],"narratives":[22],"young":[24,155],"people":[25,156],"about":[26,99,189],"social":[28,101],"network.":[29,140],"A":[30],"mixed-methods":[31],"research":[32],"design":[33],"was":[34],"used":[35],"combining":[36],"(1)":[37],"a":[38,62,108,160,179],"quantitative":[39],"observational":[40],"based":[42],"on":[43,143,192],"measuring":[44],"indicators":[45],"648":[49],"published":[51],"by":[52],"12":[54,66],"TikTokers":[55],"most":[56],"followed":[57],"Spain":[59],"(2)":[61],"qualitative":[63],"in-depth":[67],"interviews":[68],"users":[71],"(6":[72],"male,":[73],"6":[74],"female)":[75],"between":[76,221],"8":[77],"17":[79],"years":[80],"old":[81],"from":[82],"Spain.":[83],"video":[85],"analysis":[86],"reveal":[87],"hypersexualized":[88],"behaviors":[89],"10/12":[91],"accounts,":[92],"without":[93],"statistically":[94],"significant":[95],"gender":[96],"differences.":[97],"Narratives":[98],"network":[102,214],"showed":[103],"ambivalent":[104],"ideas,":[105],"considering":[106],"fundamental":[109],"space":[110],"for":[111],"fun":[112],"socialization":[114],"while":[115,164],"being":[116],"aware":[117],"numerous":[119],"risks":[120],"threats.":[122],"Sexualization":[123],"described":[125],"expression":[128],"\u201cbeing":[129],"loose\u201d":[130],"recognized":[133],"as":[134,159,178],"an":[135],"intrinsic":[136],"characteristic":[137],"discourses":[142],"hypersexualization":[144],"are":[145],"markedly":[146],"gendered,":[147],"recognizing":[148],"almost":[150],"exclusively":[151],"women.":[153],"Some":[154],"perceive":[157],"self-sexualization":[158],"form":[161,180],"self-empowerment,":[163],"when":[165],"they":[166],"describe":[167],"other":[170],"women,":[171],"penalized":[174],"negatively":[176],"valued":[177],"objectification":[182],"that":[183,203,228,242],"favors":[184],"bullying.":[185],"They":[186],"also":[187],"warn":[188],"its":[190],"impact":[191],"self-esteem":[193],"mental":[195],"health,":[196],"especially":[197],"terms":[199],"those":[201],"bodies":[202],"do":[204],"not":[205],"fit":[206],"into":[207],"body":[208],"hierarchies.":[209],"climate":[211],"facilitates":[215],"criticism":[216],"insult,":[218],"dissociation":[220],"real":[223],"virtual":[225],"self,":[226],"public":[229],"exposure":[230],"increases":[231],"their":[232],"vulnerability.":[233],"It":[234],"urgent":[236],"advance":[238],"digital":[239],"affective-sexual":[240],"education":[241],"addresses":[243],"these":[244],"problems.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}