{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285084577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","title":"Deep fake detection using cascaded deep sparse auto-encoder for effective feature selection","display_name":"Deep fake detection using cascaded deep sparse auto-encoder for effective feature selection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285084577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35875649","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9299276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042704129","display_name":"Saravana Balaji B","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-1658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-1658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125537","display_name":"Lebanese French University","ror":"https://ror.org/030t96b35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saravana Balaji Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688716","display_name":"R. Jagadeesh Kannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-8047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-8047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagadeesh Kannan R","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT Chennai, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT Chennai, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009041118","display_name":"P. Prabu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-0340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-0340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48018076","display_name":"Christ University","ror":"https://ror.org/022tv9y30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabu P","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073834872","display_name":"K. Venkatachalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-8853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-8853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatachalam K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Cybernetics, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Cybernetics, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072631017","display_name":"Pavel Trojovsk\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-125X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-125X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Trojovsk\u00fd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042704129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":3.4354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94331347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"e1040","last_page":"e1040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deepfake-detection","display_name":"deepfake detection","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-convolutional-network","display_name":"temporal convolutional network","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-forgery","display_name":"video forgery","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-swapping","display_name":"face swapping","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face2face","display_name":"Face2Face","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deepfake-detection-challenge","display_name":"DFDC","score":0.7260000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8385848999023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8185948133468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7802588939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6113153696060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48755115270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4626159965991974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4560849368572235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4362873136997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4204176366329193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34245729446411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9299276","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9299276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Comput Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35875649","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35875649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ. Computer science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:571ef014727a481cbd595bf2e247e166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/571ef014727a481cbd595bf2e247e166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 8, p e1040 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/9f0gh-64803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/9f0gh-64803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/9f0gh-64803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/qtv0w-gby02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qtv0w-gby02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qtv0w-gby02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931722597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2210/2022-2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318242","funder_display_name":"Univerzita Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318242","display_name":"Univerzita Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1193984273","https://openalex.org/W2017453188","https://openalex.org/W2029814493","https://openalex.org/W2083436148","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2148685281","https://openalex.org/W2407561938","https://openalex.org/W2530289846","https://openalex.org/W2735495738","https://openalex.org/W2792154580","https://openalex.org/W2798117183","https://openalex.org/W2802173845","https://openalex.org/W2809146085","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2912336782","https://openalex.org/W2914081518","https://openalex.org/W2921353139","https://openalex.org/W2921921726","https://openalex.org/W2924553066","https://openalex.org/W2933869810","https://openalex.org/W2943372135","https://openalex.org/W2945262873","https://openalex.org/W2952173934","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2970868842","https://openalex.org/W2981803355","https://openalex.org/W3013436979","https://openalex.org/W3015341856","https://openalex.org/W3034547531","https://openalex.org/W3034795015","https://openalex.org/W3036644531","https://openalex.org/W3086623482","https://openalex.org/W3158734383","https://openalex.org/W3200129610","https://openalex.org/W3204508982","https://openalex.org/W3210232381","https://openalex.org/W3212163224","https://openalex.org/W4241938708","https://openalex.org/W4249279051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394002996","https://openalex.org/W4285791414","https://openalex.org/W3213933678","https://openalex.org/W4285742256","https://openalex.org/W7117970664","https://openalex.org/W4410253117","https://openalex.org/W4409973985","https://openalex.org/W4400111570","https://openalex.org/W4404030694","https://openalex.org/W4319315322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,42,53,86,91,100,112,136,141,165],"recent":[2],"research":[3],"era,":[4],"artificial":[5,62],"intelligence":[6,63],"techniques":[7],"have":[8,156],"been":[9],"used":[10],"for":[11,68],"computer":[12,87,95],"vision,":[13],"big":[14],"data":[15,72],"analysis,":[16],"and":[17,30,48,74,152],"detection":[18,82,124,160,169],"systems.":[19],"The":[20,94,123,144],"development":[21],"of":[22,35,45,55,90],"these":[23],"advanced":[24],"technologies":[25],"has":[26,78],"also":[27],"increased":[28],"security":[29],"privacy":[31],"issues.":[32],"One":[33],"kind":[34],"this":[36],"issue":[37],"is":[38,41,126,147],"Deepfakes":[39],"which":[40,65,155],"combined":[43],"word":[44],"deep":[46,108,137,167],"learning":[47,109],"fake.":[49],"DeepFake":[50],"refers":[51],"to":[52,134,164],"formation":[54],"a":[56,80,106,129],"fake":[57,71,138,168],"image":[58],"or":[59],"video":[60],"using":[61,105,128,149],"approaches":[64],"are":[66,103],"created":[67],"political":[69],"abuse,":[70],"transfer,":[73],"pornography.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"developed":[79],"Deepfake":[81],"method":[83],"by":[84,120],"examining":[85],"vision":[88,96],"features":[89,97],"digital":[92],"content.":[93],"based":[98],"on":[99],"frame":[101],"change":[102],"extracted":[104],"proposed":[107,145],"model":[110,146],"called":[111],"Cascaded":[113],"Deep":[114,130],"Sparse":[115],"Auto":[116],"Encoder":[117],"(CDSAE)":[118],"trained":[119],"temporal":[121],"CNN.":[122],"process":[125],"performed":[127],"Neural":[131],"Network":[132],"(DNN)":[133],"classify":[135],"image/video":[139],"from":[140],"real":[142],"image/video.":[143],"implemented":[148],"Face2Face,":[150],"FaceSwap,":[151],"DFDC":[153],"datasets":[154],"secured":[157],"an":[158],"improved":[159],"rate":[161],"when":[162],"compared":[163],"traditional":[166],"approaches.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}
