{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285010930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","title":"Exploring Role Behavior in Restaurant by Grey Model and Grey Structural Model","display_name":"Exploring Role Behavior in Restaurant by Grey Model and Grey Structural Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285010930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11070333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/7/333/pdf?version=1658453049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/7/333/pdf?version=1658453049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112720597","display_name":"Joyce Hsiu-Yu Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151229976","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/0047xfd47","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce-Hsiu-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food & Beverage Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812301, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food & Beverage Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022273992","display_name":"Shu-Hua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-4230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-4230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151229976","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/0047xfd47","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Hua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food & Beverage Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812301, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-4230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food & Beverage Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023573352","display_name":"Ping-Min Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-1375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-1375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Min Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824004, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-1375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824004, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045342868","display_name":"Hsueh-Feng Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-3671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-3671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh-Feng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824004, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-3671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824004, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045342868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"fwci":1.232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82872928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"333","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.4487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-behavior","display_name":"role behavior","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-restaurants","display_name":"Chinese restaurants","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-hotels","display_name":"tourist hotels","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.9890000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.6748470067977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6237276196479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6080905199050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988711428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41958","display_name":"Catering industry","level":2,"score":0.5037223696708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.501744270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.47735002636909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.465249627828598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983289691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455768","display_name":"Service model","level":3,"score":0.4215337038040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.42013439536094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.41416746377944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2860221862792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23126256465911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19212603569030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10361352562904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.06760796904563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11070333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/7/333/pdf?version=1658453049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c86f332be07648f292265bceb8dc2e7c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c86f332be07648f292265bceb8dc2e7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 333 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11070333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/7/333/pdf?version=1658453049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285010930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285010930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37290615","https://openalex.org/W98668060","https://openalex.org/W179764055","https://openalex.org/W1968471722","https://openalex.org/W1995980441","https://openalex.org/W2004139686","https://openalex.org/W2013377700","https://openalex.org/W2032426034","https://openalex.org/W2081260256","https://openalex.org/W2088507817","https://openalex.org/W2164356966","https://openalex.org/W2169275494","https://openalex.org/W2210732600","https://openalex.org/W2519508727","https://openalex.org/W2599865071","https://openalex.org/W2797766597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2197028688","https://openalex.org/W2061202141","https://openalex.org/W2351965696","https://openalex.org/W3003223320","https://openalex.org/W7013126926","https://openalex.org/W2162995882","https://openalex.org/W3025733144","https://openalex.org/W2262630714","https://openalex.org/W2559597985","https://openalex.org/W2572741719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"GM":[2],"(0,N)":[3],"grey":[4,7,11],"model":[5,9],"and":[6,42,60,92,106,140,146],"structure":[8],"in":[10,19,72,87,133],"system":[12],"theory,":[13,97],"this":[14,98,122],"study":[15],"takes":[16],"Chinese":[17,88],"restaurant":[18,118],"tourist":[20],"hotel":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,61,73],"case":[24],"to":[25,37,50,76,124,128,135,141],"analyze":[26],"service":[27,85,104,113,126],"role":[28,70,82,94,109,138],"behavior.":[29],"A":[30],"total":[31,62],"of":[32,57,63,102,111],"241":[33],"questionnaires":[34],"were":[35,54,67],"collected":[36],"calculate":[38],"index":[39],"weighted":[40],"coefficients,":[41],"then":[43],"12":[44,55],"experts":[45],"carried":[46],"out":[47],"an":[48],"investigation":[49],"construct":[51],"clusters.":[52],"There":[53],"dimensions":[56],"professional":[58],"competencies,":[59],"50":[64],"indicator":[65],"factors":[66],"analyzed":[68],"for":[69,84],"behavior":[71],"restaurant.":[74],"According":[75],"the":[77,100,108],"results,":[78],"there":[79],"are":[80],"three":[81],"behaviors":[83],"staff":[86,127],"restaurants:":[89],"supportive,":[90],"interactive,":[91],"integrative":[93],"behaviors.":[95],"In":[96,115],"reinterprets":[99],"meaning":[101],"catering":[103,112],"competencies":[105],"defines":[107],"types":[110],"staff.":[114],"practical":[116],"applications,":[117],"managers":[119],"could":[120],"apply":[121],"result":[123],"help":[125],"understand":[129],"their":[130,137,143],"current":[131],"role,":[132],"order":[134],"reduce":[136],"pressure":[139],"increase":[142],"job":[144],"satisfaction":[145],"performance.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-07-12T00:00:00"}