{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284966941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","title":"Discriminating Soft Actuators\u2019 Thermal Stimuli and Mechanical Deformation by Hydrogel Sensors and Machine Learning","display_name":"Discriminating Soft Actuators\u2019 Thermal Stimuli and Mechanical Deformation by Hydrogel Sensors and Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284966941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202200089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202200089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202200089","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002481175","display_name":"Zhaojia Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojia Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450831","display_name":"Shuyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-1347","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3502-1980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","Northeastern University-Qinhuangdao campus, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004 China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-1347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University-Qinhuangdao campus, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010455569","display_name":"Yuliang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","Northeastern University-Qinhuangdao campus, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University-Qinhuangdao campus, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077324240","display_name":"Zhitao Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3616-0950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3616-0950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhitao Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066001 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057378727","display_name":"Lei Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-7907","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-9299","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-3921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100450831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":2.7373,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91487931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-actuators","display_name":"soft actuators","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogel-sensors","display_name":"hydrogel sensors","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-sensing","display_name":"multimodal sensing","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-deformation-sensing","display_name":"mechanical deformation sensing","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioception","display_name":"proprioception","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermosensation","display_name":"thermosensation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanoreception","display_name":"mechanoreception","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robots","display_name":"soft robots","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1d-convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"1D convolutional neural network","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-networks","display_name":"feedforward neural networks","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7204618453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6064708828926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.5535337924957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5347857475280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.5338918566703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5238915681838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5013556480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4644029140472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4623839259147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4199427366256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3340832591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15688905119895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.14048677682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202200089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202200089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a2448848fba48218738bc2bf82396b5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a2448848fba48218738bc2bf82396b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 4, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202200089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200089","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202200089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1071652327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3721062227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020501033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284966941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284966941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073442815","https://openalex.org/W2078344108","https://openalex.org/W2129653378","https://openalex.org/W2174636528","https://openalex.org/W2183692555","https://openalex.org/W2256016128","https://openalex.org/W2314459593","https://openalex.org/W2515877100","https://openalex.org/W2585344004","https://openalex.org/W2618733545","https://openalex.org/W2774617863","https://openalex.org/W2791180667","https://openalex.org/W2793795862","https://openalex.org/W2807138734","https://openalex.org/W2883279767","https://openalex.org/W2902269261","https://openalex.org/W2913446864","https://openalex.org/W2973569033","https://openalex.org/W2992817920","https://openalex.org/W2997268665","https://openalex.org/W2997289456","https://openalex.org/W3002180436","https://openalex.org/W3002768791","https://openalex.org/W3018423233","https://openalex.org/W3023818716","https://openalex.org/W3044735447","https://openalex.org/W3045333156","https://openalex.org/W3098287426","https://openalex.org/W3104230962","https://openalex.org/W3112665924","https://openalex.org/W3128104868","https://openalex.org/W3130589561","https://openalex.org/W3135754864","https://openalex.org/W3141178757","https://openalex.org/W3163757695","https://openalex.org/W3164403436","https://openalex.org/W3174427284","https://openalex.org/W3192766641","https://openalex.org/W3192827693","https://openalex.org/W4210532470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197479416","https://openalex.org/W7165115818","https://openalex.org/W4229071651","https://openalex.org/W4311766319","https://openalex.org/W3192766641","https://openalex.org/W7129708515","https://openalex.org/W7135077863","https://openalex.org/W2772679100","https://openalex.org/W3111745425","https://openalex.org/W3112548958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"sensing":[1,13,73,119],"is":[2,68,80],"crucial":[3],"for":[4,33,75,117,125],"soft":[5,90,128],"robots\u2019":[6],"environmental":[7],"interaction":[8],"and":[9,18,37,48,63,99],"closed\u2010loop":[10],"control.":[11],"The":[12],"signals":[14],"of":[15,57],"mechanical":[16],"deformation":[17],"temperature":[19,49],"changes":[20],"are":[21,31],"often":[22],"hard":[23],"to":[24,46,70],"differentiate":[25],"manually.":[26],"Herein,":[27],"two":[28],"hydrogel":[29],"sensors":[30,42],"used":[32],"simultaneously":[34],"proprioceptive,":[35],"thermoceptive,":[36],"mechanoreceptive":[38],"sensing.":[39],"These":[40],"stretchable":[41],"show":[43],"high":[44],"sensitivity":[45],"strain":[47],"changes.":[50],"Then,":[51],"a":[52,58,64],"machine":[53],"learning":[54],"model":[55,104],"composed":[56],"1D":[59],"convolutional":[60],"neural":[61,66],"network":[62,67],"feed\u2010forward":[65],"utilized":[69],"decode":[71],"the":[72,83,89,103,123],"signal":[74],"various":[76],"stimuli":[77],"identification.":[78],"It":[79],"demonstrated":[81],"that":[82],"proposed":[84],"method":[85,116],"can":[86,105],"accurately":[87],"predict":[88],"actuator's":[91],"body":[92],"posture":[93],"changes,":[94],"such":[95],"as":[96],"bending,":[97],"twisting,":[98],"stretching.":[100],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"discern":[106],"contact":[107],"events":[108],"with":[109],"or":[110],"without":[111],"thermal":[112],"stimuli.":[113],"This":[114],"data\u2010driven":[115],"multimodal":[118],"discrimination":[120],"might":[121],"pave":[122],"way":[124],"future":[126],"intelligent":[127],"robots.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-07-10T00:00:00"}
