{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283833754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","title":"Health Care Spending Effectiveness: Estimates Suggest That Spending Improved US Health From 1996 To 2016","display_name":"Health Care Spending Effectiveness: Estimates Suggest That Spending Improved US Health From 1996 To 2016","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283833754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35787086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000740859","display_name":"Marcia R. Weaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-4085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-4085","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-4179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia R. Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marcia R. Weaver (), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marcia R. Weaver (), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041150798","display_name":"Jonah Joffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonah Joffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jonah Joffe, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jonah Joffe, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110691753","display_name":"Michael Ciarametaro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271300","display_name":"National Pharmaceutical Council","ror":"https://ror.org/027608a92","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271300"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ciarametaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael Ciarametaro, National Pharmaceutical Council, Washington, D.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael Ciarametaro, National Pharmaceutical Council, Washington, D.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106499790","display_name":"Robert W. Dubois","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271300","display_name":"National Pharmaceutical Council","ror":"https://ror.org/027608a92","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271300"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Dubois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert W. Dubois, National Pharmaceutical Council"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Dubois, National Pharmaceutical Council","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023488124","display_name":"Abe C. Dunn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-8094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-8094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300891529","display_name":"United States Department of the Treasury","ror":"https://ror.org/028t43p77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300891529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abe Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abe Dunn, Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abe Dunn, Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300891529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665918","display_name":"Arjun Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-8694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-8694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arjun Singh, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arjun Singh, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041220039","display_name":"Gianna W. Sparks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianna W. Sparks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gianna W. Sparks, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gianna W. Sparks, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082737151","display_name":"Lauryn K Stafford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-1401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-1401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauryn Stafford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lauryn Stafford, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lauryn Stafford, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102733391","display_name":"Christopher J L Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-9450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-9450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. L. Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christopher J. L. Murray, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christopher J. L. Murray, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073403937","display_name":"Joseph L. Dieleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-7412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-7412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph L. Dieleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joseph L. Dieleman, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joseph L. Dieleman, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93587438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"7","first_page":"994","last_page":"1004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.8198000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.8198000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.13109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"disability-adjusted life years","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dalys-averted","display_name":"DALYs averted","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition-analysis","display_name":"decomposition analysis","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-burden","display_name":"disease burden","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-spending-growth","display_name":"health care spending growth","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109168655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242988","display_name":"Liberian dollar","level":2,"score":0.6980768442153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994140446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health spending","level":4,"score":0.6979877948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5906074047088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.524147093296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55627","display_name":"Disability-adjusted life year","level":4,"score":0.489289253950119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4571719765663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4485279321670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780664029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Disease burden","level":3,"score":0.4192081093788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4153568744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614165","display_name":"Quality-adjusted life year","level":3,"score":0.4125269055366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32074880599975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3152443766593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.2983555793762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1763150990009308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.13027501106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10625562071800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019057","descriptor_name":"Quality-Adjusted Life Years","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35787086","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35787086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166560170","https://openalex.org/W1972242861","https://openalex.org/W1978699138","https://openalex.org/W2008532692","https://openalex.org/W2032689844","https://openalex.org/W2141329597","https://openalex.org/W2142459773","https://openalex.org/W2556613236","https://openalex.org/W2751792491","https://openalex.org/W2768044788","https://openalex.org/W2899736836","https://openalex.org/W2908408303","https://openalex.org/W2912654919","https://openalex.org/W2936215903","https://openalex.org/W2970826345","https://openalex.org/W3010268726","https://openalex.org/W3025800829","https://openalex.org/W3156622623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168114203","https://openalex.org/W7168109754","https://openalex.org/W4406796681","https://openalex.org/W2087730182","https://openalex.org/W2188255297","https://openalex.org/W2768044788","https://openalex.org/W2936215903","https://openalex.org/W3012802024","https://openalex.org/W2801742794","https://openalex.org/W2015270926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0],"care":[1,38,89,135,190],"spending":[2,11,39,62,90,95,112,118,191],"effectiveness":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,41,48,110,153,166,186],"ratio":[6],"of":[7,14,36,51,82,87,106,185],"an":[8,19,132],"increase":[9,20],"in":[10,21,73,188],"per":[12,26,63,68,98,124,146,156,173],"case":[13,64],"illness":[15],"or":[16,80,113],"injury":[17],"to":[18,60,143],"disability-adjusted":[22],"life-years":[23],"(DALYs)":[24],"averted":[25,67,100,145],"case.":[27,147],"We":[28,55],"report":[29],"US":[30],"spending-effectiveness":[31],"ratios,":[32],"using":[33],"comprehensive":[34],"estimates":[35],"health":[37,88,134,189,196],"from":[40,47],"Disease":[42,52],"Expenditure":[43],"Project":[44],"and":[45,65,78,91,103],"DALYs":[46,66,144],"Global":[49],"Burden":[50],"Study":[53],"2017.":[54],"decomposed":[56],"changes":[57,72],"over":[58,192],"time":[59,193],"estimate":[61],"case,":[69],"controlling":[70],"for":[71],"population":[74],"size,":[75],"age-sex":[76],"structure,":[77],"incidence":[79],"prevalence":[81],"cases.":[83],"Across":[84],"all":[85],"causes":[86,108],"disease":[92],"burden,":[93],"median":[94,117],"was":[96,120],"US$114,339":[97],"DALY":[99,125,157,174],"between":[101],"1996":[102],"2016.":[104],"Twelve":[105],"thirty-four":[107],"with":[109],"highest":[111,114],"burden":[115],"had":[116],"that":[119,183],"less":[121],"than":[122,165],"$100,000":[123,151],"averted.":[126],"Using":[127],"decomposition":[128],"results,":[129],"we":[130,149,170],"calculated":[131],"outcome-adjusted":[133],"price":[136],"index":[137],"by":[138,161,179],"assigning":[139],"a":[140],"dollar":[141,154],"value":[142,155],"When":[148],"used":[150,171],"as":[152],"averted,":[158,175],"prices":[159,177],"increased":[160],"4":[162],"percent":[163],"more":[164],"broader":[167],"economy;":[168],"when":[169],"$150,000":[172],"relative":[176],"fell":[178],"13":[180],"percent,":[181],"meaning":[182],"much":[184],"growth":[187],"has":[194],"purchased":[195],"improvements.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-07T00:00:00"}
