{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283799355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","title":"Is serum vitamin D associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity or with diabetes itself ?","display_name":"Is serum vitamin D associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity or with diabetes itself ?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283799355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35786311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110643388","display_name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","issn_l":"0816-4622","issn":["0816-4622","0817-881X","1444-0938"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020047418","display_name":"Sevim Ay\u00e7a Seyyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-5767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-5767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267836","display_name":"Health Sciences University Derince Training and Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvk4p20","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267836"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sevim Ay\u00e7a Seyyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-5767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037566505","display_name":"Nesime Setge T\u0131skao\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-788X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-788X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesime Setge T\u0131skao\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037396747","display_name":"Ecem \u00d6nder Toku\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-6716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-6716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267836","display_name":"Health Sciences University Derince Training and Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvk4p20","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267836"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ecem Onder Tokuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052901075","display_name":"Murat Mercanl\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-0250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-0250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Mercanl\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaziantep University Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaziantep University Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026627459","display_name":"Levent Do\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-3698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-3698","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-7919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303077703","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00pkvys92","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levent Do\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ophthalmology Department, Tatvan State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ophthalmology Department, Tatvan State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020047418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267836"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84442252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"6","first_page":"612","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"proliferative diabetic retinopathy","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonproliferative-diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-microvascular-disease","display_name":"diabetic microangiopathy","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-biomarkers","display_name":"serum biomarkers","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8969024419784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.8501537442207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7657933831214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6557552814483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5870720148086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.5335631370544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138762","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","level":3,"score":0.47045695781707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4604848325252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.44863125681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.44312429428100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.40882429480552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3581995964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012164","descriptor_name":"Retinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110643388","display_name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","issn_l":"0816-4622","issn":["0816-4622","0817-881X","1444-0938"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35786311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35786311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical & experimental optometry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:6ab1c2be-47d8-41d5-b69d-52f6112367a5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/6ab1c2be-47d8-41d5-b69d-52f6112367a5/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055291","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi - AVES\u0130S","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1835705747","https://openalex.org/W1940264350","https://openalex.org/W1978357971","https://openalex.org/W1987229470","https://openalex.org/W1988293663","https://openalex.org/W1993195030","https://openalex.org/W2001297476","https://openalex.org/W2005409914","https://openalex.org/W2019870128","https://openalex.org/W2032048326","https://openalex.org/W2047640394","https://openalex.org/W2051586002","https://openalex.org/W2055814753","https://openalex.org/W2065928876","https://openalex.org/W2069981790","https://openalex.org/W2072419694","https://openalex.org/W2072670367","https://openalex.org/W2079820026","https://openalex.org/W2095483193","https://openalex.org/W2109082501","https://openalex.org/W2118323808","https://openalex.org/W2118540989","https://openalex.org/W2124070987","https://openalex.org/W2124521298","https://openalex.org/W2126617070","https://openalex.org/W2126946832","https://openalex.org/W2136989771","https://openalex.org/W2145489993","https://openalex.org/W2150007922","https://openalex.org/W2224686184","https://openalex.org/W2587983561","https://openalex.org/W2590312224","https://openalex.org/W2603365862","https://openalex.org/W2785933318","https://openalex.org/W2809489644","https://openalex.org/W2895421870","https://openalex.org/W2942219102","https://openalex.org/W4254965081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366372515","https://openalex.org/W4364387755","https://openalex.org/W4206608691","https://openalex.org/W3039339227","https://openalex.org/W7167477951","https://openalex.org/W4392705325","https://openalex.org/W2072670367","https://openalex.org/W4366372197","https://openalex.org/W3016018377","https://openalex.org/W2119287366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"relevance":[1],"Vitamin":[2],"D":[3],"(VitD)":[4],"deficiency,":[5],"which":[6,116],"is":[7,54,279],"found":[8],"in":[9,22,48,70,82,229,262],"approximately":[10],"one-third":[11],"of":[12,15,25,35,56,61,75,86,91,99,109,163,255,288],"the":[13,16,23,57,71,97,107,128,210,232,236,253,286],"population":[14],"world,":[17],"may":[18,78],"play":[19],"a":[20,49,80,118],"role":[21,81],"pathogenesis":[24,72],"diabetic":[26,62,87,173,179,237,240,289],"retinopathy.":[27,88,180,290],"Physicians":[28],"following":[29],"diabetes":[30,76,110,162,256],"patients":[31,41,158,270,276],"should":[32,39],"be":[33],"aware":[34],"this":[36,92,114],"relationship":[37,98,282],"and":[38,73,77,84,102,111,137,156,175,203,218,235,238,257,259,277,285],"refer":[40],"to":[42,95,189],"for":[43,46],"ophthalmic":[44],"care":[45],"control":[47],"timely":[50],"manner.Background":[51],"Diabetic":[52,269],"retinopathy":[53,241,258],"one":[55],"most":[58],"common":[59],"complications":[60],"microvascular":[63],"disease.":[64],"VitD":[65,101,192,230,261],"deficiency":[66],"has":[67,117],"been":[68],"implicated":[69],"progression":[74],"have":[79,168,271],"development":[83,287],"severity":[85],"The":[89],"aim":[90],"study":[93,121,212],"was":[94,227,250],"examine":[96],"serum":[100,191,260],"some":[103],"laboratory":[104,131],"parameters":[105],"with":[106,159],"presence":[108,254],"retinopathy.Methods":[112],"In":[113,209],"study,":[115],"retrospective":[119],"epidemiological":[120],"design,":[122],"comprehensive":[123],"ophthalmologic":[124],"examination":[125,142],"data":[126,132,143],"from":[127,133],"eye":[129],"clinic,":[130],"fasting":[134],"blood":[135],"tests,":[136],"internal":[138],"medicine":[139],"outpatient":[140],"clinic":[141],"were":[144,148,182,207,216,221],"reviewed.":[145],"All":[146],"participants":[147],"divided":[149,184],"into":[150,185],"four":[151,186],"groups:":[152],"109":[153],"healthy":[154,233],"controls,":[155],"165":[157],"type":[160],"2":[161],"whom":[164],"54":[165],"did":[166],"not":[167],"retinopathy,":[169,174],"64":[170],"had":[171,177],"proliferative":[172,239],"47":[176],"non-proliferative":[178],"Participants":[181],"also":[183],"groups":[187,242],"according":[188],"their":[190],"levels.":[193],"Serum":[194],"25(OH)D,":[195],"HbA1C,":[196],"creatine,":[197],"calcium,":[198],"phosphate,":[199],"triglyceride,":[200],"low-density":[201],"lipoprotein,":[202],"high-density":[204],"lipoprotein":[205],"levels":[206],"evaluated.Results":[208],"whole":[211],"cohort,":[213],"152":[214],"(55.5%)":[215],"female":[217],"122":[219],"(44.5%)":[220],"male.":[222],"A":[223],"statistically":[224],"significant":[225,248],"difference":[226],"observed":[228,251],"between":[231,252,283],"group":[234],"(p":[243,266],"\u2264":[244],"0.001).":[245],"However,":[246],"no":[247,280],"correlation":[249],"logistic":[263],"regression":[264],"analyses":[265],">":[267],"0.05).Conclusion":[268],"lower":[272],"25(OH)D":[273,284],"than":[274],"non-diabetic":[275],"there":[278],"direct":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-05T00:00:00"}