{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283776387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","title":"Policing a pandemic: changes in police response to intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first lockdown in England","display_name":"Policing a pandemic: changes in police response to intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first lockdown in England","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283776387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204051","display_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","issn_l":"2398-6808","issn":["2398-6808","2398-6816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064331735","display_name":"Lucy Trafford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-6265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-6265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Trafford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064331735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78753038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"442","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-partner-violence","display_name":"intimate partner violence","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-violence","display_name":"domestic violence","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-response","display_name":"law enforcement response","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-lockdown","display_name":"COVID-19 lockdown","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-age","display_name":"victim age","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stalking","display_name":"stalking","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrest-rates","display_name":"arrest rates","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778030639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163942","display_name":"Stalking","level":2,"score":0.7561116218566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.7449876666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.462786465883255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.45286083221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.43354088068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019426347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736922","display_name":"Intimate partner","level":5,"score":0.41094905138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4107152223587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.40430647134780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.39013317227363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3274557590484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3194822669029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.28686660528182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.138763427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07926353812217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204051","display_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","issn_l":"2398-6808","issn":["2398-6808","2398-6816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16528069833875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204051","display_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","issn_l":"2398-6808","issn":["2398-6808","2398-6816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576326007","https://openalex.org/W600067612","https://openalex.org/W1604688697","https://openalex.org/W1964407034","https://openalex.org/W2029463922","https://openalex.org/W2055393292","https://openalex.org/W2113736100","https://openalex.org/W2119444371","https://openalex.org/W2139747105","https://openalex.org/W2157677390","https://openalex.org/W2167128013","https://openalex.org/W2238652254","https://openalex.org/W2736421668","https://openalex.org/W2739956119","https://openalex.org/W2751549112","https://openalex.org/W2793234567","https://openalex.org/W2900633180","https://openalex.org/W2942680551","https://openalex.org/W2946982798","https://openalex.org/W3007315986","https://openalex.org/W3015624832","https://openalex.org/W3016102609","https://openalex.org/W3038130846","https://openalex.org/W3042298929","https://openalex.org/W3042860770","https://openalex.org/W3085696573","https://openalex.org/W3112268709","https://openalex.org/W3134497518","https://openalex.org/W3213526873","https://openalex.org/W4206139804","https://openalex.org/W4206392708","https://openalex.org/W4234087271","https://openalex.org/W4239216739","https://openalex.org/W4239840290","https://openalex.org/W4245833869","https://openalex.org/W4248573063","https://openalex.org/W4249681388","https://openalex.org/W4253348143","https://openalex.org/W4312868788","https://openalex.org/W4389986019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392946628","https://openalex.org/W3202316281","https://openalex.org/W4200317771","https://openalex.org/W3158679792","https://openalex.org/W4225108175","https://openalex.org/W7019913843","https://openalex.org/W7164050262","https://openalex.org/W7118371605","https://openalex.org/W4225088367","https://openalex.org/W6884860500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,88,171],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,12,64,73,115,137,163],"police":[4,53],"response":[5],"to":[6,28,44],"intimate":[7],"partner":[8],"violence":[9],"(IPV)":[10],"during":[11,63,72],"first":[13,65],"lockdown":[14,66],"in":[15,67,114,123,147,162,175],"England":[16,68],"(23":[17],"March\u201330":[18],"June":[19],"2020),":[20],"a":[21,51,145,160],"time":[22],"when":[23],"more":[24,196],"people":[25],"were":[26],"confined":[27],"their":[29],"homes":[30],"and":[31,85,97,106,133,152,195],"rates":[32],"of":[33,117,165],"IPV":[34,100,118,142],"increased":[35],"globally":[36],"(Williamson":[37],"et":[38],"al,":[39],"2020).":[40],"Having":[41],"gained":[42],"access":[43],"data":[45,59],"for":[46,60,95,141],"domestic":[47],"abuse-flagged":[48],"incidents":[49,62,71,148,156,181],"from":[50],"south-eastern":[52],"force,":[54],"this":[55],"research":[56],"compares":[57],"quantitative":[58],"6808":[61],"with":[69,99,120,144,191],"6408":[70],"equivalent":[74],"2019":[75],"timeframe.":[76],"Quantitative":[77],"analysis":[78],"was":[79,173],"conducted":[80],"by":[81],"comparing":[82],"descriptive":[83],"statistics":[84],"chi-squared":[86],"testing.":[87],"study":[89],"finds":[90],"that":[91,125],"age":[92,104,110],"distribution":[93,164],"changed":[94],"victims":[96],"suspects,":[98],"decreasing":[101],"among":[102,179],"younger":[103],"groups":[105],"increasing":[107],"within":[108],"older":[109],"categories.":[111],"Shifts":[112],"occurred":[113],"categorisation":[116],"crimes":[119,124],"an":[121],"increase":[122],"can":[126],"be":[127],"committed":[128],"remotely,":[129],"most":[130],"notably":[131],"stalking":[132],"malicious":[134],"communications.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"risk":[138,166],"level":[139],"differed":[140],"incidents,":[143],"reduction":[146],"recorded":[149],"as":[150],"medium-":[151],"high-risk.":[153],"Whereas,":[154],"standard-risk":[155],"rose":[157],"substantially,":[158],"causing":[159],"change":[161],"levels":[167],"across":[168],"reported":[169],"incidents.":[170],"shift":[172],"reflected":[174],"fewer":[176,192],"arrests,":[177],"except":[178],"higher-risk":[180],"which":[182],"maintained":[183],"higher":[184],"arrest":[185],"rates.":[186],"Official":[187],"outcomes":[188],"similarly":[189],"decreased,":[190],"court":[193],"disposals":[194],"simple":[197],"cautions.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-07-03T00:00:00"}