{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283774564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","title":"THE EVALUATION OF AGAROSE-BASED GEL SYSTEMS FOR SURFACE CLEANING ALBUMEN PRINTS VS THE CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT","display_name":"THE EVALUATION OF AGAROSE-BASED GEL SYSTEMS FOR SURFACE CLEANING ALBUMEN PRINTS VS THE CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283774564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","pdf_url":"https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573_1df07e283d303c024890ff56470d46c6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226449","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies/Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies ","issn_l":"2090-4932","issn":["2090-4932","2090-4940"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573_1df07e283d303c024890ff56470d46c6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685434","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel-Shakur Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-8265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-8265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservation dept. , Faculty of Archaeology , Cairo Univ. , Giza , Egypt","Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservation dept. , Faculty of Archaeology , Cairo Univ. , Giza , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100685434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97545862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.13449999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albumen-prints","display_name":"albumen prints","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agarose-gel","display_name":"agarose gel","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-cleaning","display_name":"surface cleaning","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-treatment","display_name":"water treatment","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vintage-photographs","display_name":"vintage photographs","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-safety","display_name":"treatment safety","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-changes","display_name":"age-related changes","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-change","display_name":"color change","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-testing","display_name":"mechanical testing","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390697","display_name":"Agarose","level":2,"score":0.8065625429153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45950692892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41139858961105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3600461483001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35699641704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2256229817867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22113430500030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17318683862686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.05780401825904846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","pdf_url":"https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573_1df07e283d303c024890ff56470d46c6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226449","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies/Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies ","issn_l":"2090-4932","issn":["2090-4932","2090-4940"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2022.246573","pdf_url":"https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573_1df07e283d303c024890ff56470d46c6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226449","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies/Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies ","issn_l":"2090-4932","issn":["2090-4932","2090-4940"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321148","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283774564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283774564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52898613","https://openalex.org/W118629194","https://openalex.org/W181974522","https://openalex.org/W338194830","https://openalex.org/W421122232","https://openalex.org/W424753769","https://openalex.org/W659112923","https://openalex.org/W1481050743","https://openalex.org/W1595038067","https://openalex.org/W1964962918","https://openalex.org/W1971004756","https://openalex.org/W1975536467","https://openalex.org/W1979891237","https://openalex.org/W2006207859","https://openalex.org/W2052402019","https://openalex.org/W2062936026","https://openalex.org/W2081908842","https://openalex.org/W2088960036","https://openalex.org/W2089418023","https://openalex.org/W2089961425","https://openalex.org/W2156948109","https://openalex.org/W2183926536","https://openalex.org/W2188040138","https://openalex.org/W2281506349","https://openalex.org/W2299019897","https://openalex.org/W2313413695","https://openalex.org/W2406447329","https://openalex.org/W2414309740","https://openalex.org/W2538035575","https://openalex.org/W2550423768","https://openalex.org/W2587485706","https://openalex.org/W2606516525","https://openalex.org/W2745808130","https://openalex.org/W2746953860","https://openalex.org/W2759688632","https://openalex.org/W2775394850","https://openalex.org/W2790507933","https://openalex.org/W2796442464","https://openalex.org/W2902255249","https://openalex.org/W2914261191","https://openalex.org/W2934851335","https://openalex.org/W2964811024","https://openalex.org/W3009611196","https://openalex.org/W3133550476","https://openalex.org/W3190773786","https://openalex.org/W4242081291","https://openalex.org/W4291213945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416084300","https://openalex.org/W2033636902","https://openalex.org/W1583843090","https://openalex.org/W4231299192","https://openalex.org/W4240549537","https://openalex.org/W2371520255","https://openalex.org/W2262848750","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2366819673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,217],"albumen":[1,49,69,115,213,248],"process":[2,9],"was":[3,117,157,221],"the":[4,11,91,104,183,204,230,233,241],"main":[5],"positive":[6],"printing":[7],"photographic":[8],"of":[10,20,93,106,182,198],"19th":[12],"century.":[13],"Albumen":[14],"prints":[15,50,214],"form":[16],"a":[17,172,196],"significant":[18],"part":[19],"historical":[21],"collections,":[22],"whether":[23],"on":[24,113,229],"display":[25],"or":[26,176],"in":[27,32,44,159,166,203],"storage.":[28],"Since":[29],"pho-tographs":[30],"are":[31,59,237],"high":[33],"demand,":[34],"they":[35],"often":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38,53],"improper":[39],"and":[40,46,78,110,149,164,170],"frequent":[41],"handling,":[42],"resulting":[43],"dirt":[45],"stains.":[47],"Accordingly,":[48],"may":[51,64],"benefit":[52],"surface":[54,84],"cleaning.":[55],"However,":[56],"conventional":[57,218],"treatments":[58],"very":[60],"risky":[61],"procedures":[62],"which":[63],"cause":[65],"severe":[66],"damage":[67],"to":[68,83,97,191,246],"prints.":[70,249],"Recently,":[71],"many":[72],"gel-based":[73],"systems":[74,95,109,236],"have":[75,98],"been":[76],"developed":[77],"tested":[79,234],"for":[80,195,225],"possible":[81],"use":[82,92],"clean":[85,247],"different":[86],"cultural":[87],"materials.":[88],"Given":[89],"that":[90],"gelled":[94],"proved":[96],"several":[99],"advantages":[100],"over":[101],"common":[102],"treatments,":[103,185],"suitability":[105],"agarose-based":[107,155,235],"gel":[108,156],"their":[111],"effects":[112,181],"treated":[114],"surfaces":[116],"thoroughly":[118],"assessed":[119],"using":[120],"visual":[121],"inspection,":[122],"UV":[123],"fluore-scence":[124],"imaging,":[125],"digital":[126],"microscopy,":[127,130],"scanning":[128],"electron":[129],"atomic":[131],"force":[132],"microscope,":[133],"Fourier":[134],"transform":[135],"infrared":[136],"spectroscopy,":[137],"colorimetric":[138],"measurements,":[139,142,148,211],"pH":[140],"value":[141],"ninhydrin":[143],"test,":[144],"mechanical":[145],"testing,":[146],"thickness":[147],"fungal":[150],"testing.":[151],"In":[152],"this":[153],"study,":[154],"prepared":[158,186],"three":[160],"concent-rations":[161],"(2,":[162],"3,":[163],"4%":[165],"distilled":[167],"water),":[168],"without":[169],"with":[171],"solvent":[173],"(i.e.":[174],"ethanol":[175],"toluene).":[177],"For":[178,208],"studying":[179],"long-term":[180],"selected":[184],"test":[187],"samples":[188],"were":[189,215],"exposed":[190],"humid":[192],"heat":[193],"aging":[194],"period":[197],"five":[199],"days":[200],"as":[201],"described":[202],"ISO":[205],"5630-3:1996":[206],"standard.":[207],"color":[209],"change":[210],"vintage":[212],"used.":[216],"water":[219,242],"treatment":[220,243],"also":[222],"carried":[223],"out":[224],"comparative":[226],"purposes.":[227],"Based":[228],"obtained":[231],"results,":[232],"less":[238],"aggressive":[239],"than":[240],"conventionally":[244],"used":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}