{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283759677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","title":"Award rate inequities in biomedical research","display_name":"Award rate inequities in biomedical research","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283759677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35776730","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9249172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270612&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270612&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052079490","display_name":"Alessandra Zimmermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-4468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-4468"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Proposal Analytics, Inc., Wayne, PA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Proposal Analytics, Inc., Wayne, PA, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071451025","display_name":"Richard Klavans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-8955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-8955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152442","display_name":"SciTech Strategies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ta32r20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152442"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Klavans","raw_affiliation_strings":["SciTech Strategies, Wayne, PA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SciTech Strategies, Wayne, PA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014266593","display_name":"Heather M. Offhaus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather M. Offhaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061318256","display_name":"Teri A. Grieb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-8712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-8712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teri A. Grieb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085511996","display_name":"Caleb Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-9705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-9705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caleb Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-9705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085511996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"],"apc_list":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"apc_paid":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"fwci":2.9912,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90586204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"e0270612","last_page":"e0270612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.48410001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.48410001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.2175000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.20909999310970306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-research-funding","display_name":"biomedical research funding","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-faculty","display_name":"medical faculty","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extramural-funding","display_name":"extramural funding","score":0.7089999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.8100728988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.5734798908233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993838110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494230","display_name":"Medical school","level":2,"score":0.4677593410015106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3782220184803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.36770474910736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.33934342861175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33112335205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31875723600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24692881107330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11718630790710449}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001363","descriptor_name":"Awards and Prizes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270612&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9249172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9249172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35776730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35776730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2207.01488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.01488","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.01488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0270612","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5296431dcf646cc8593212090714d7a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5296431dcf646cc8593212090714d7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e0270612 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.01488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.01488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.01488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270612","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270612&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283759677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283759677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993296232","https://openalex.org/W2096354859","https://openalex.org/W2443110710","https://openalex.org/W2950558053","https://openalex.org/W2979296990","https://openalex.org/W3121797224","https://openalex.org/W3154223147","https://openalex.org/W3185398120","https://openalex.org/W3212220550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2443110710","https://openalex.org/W2096354859","https://openalex.org/W2901560247","https://openalex.org/W2086731424","https://openalex.org/W2979296990","https://openalex.org/W6940750967","https://openalex.org/W2243715169","https://openalex.org/W4388801237","https://openalex.org/W3091326690","https://openalex.org/W2979610466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,17,62,132,173],"analysis":[2,66],"of":[3,19,55,67,81,161,212,226],"existing":[4],"institutional":[5],"research":[6,31,70,253],"proposal":[7,32,87,124,206,227],"databases":[8],"can":[9,246],"provide":[10],"novel":[11],"insights":[12],"into":[13],"science":[14],"funding":[15],"parity.":[16],"purpose":[18],"this":[20],"study":[21,245],"was":[22,46],"to":[23,42,170,189,241],"analyze":[24],"the":[25,79,86,128,151,166,180,210],"relationship":[26,221],"between":[27,76,222],"race/ethnicity":[28,223],"and":[29,33,41,89,108,156,165,224,231],"extramural":[30],"award":[34,90,141,190],"rates":[35,91,160,225],"across":[36,58,96,144,193,236],"a":[37,122,219],"medical":[38],"school":[39],"faculty":[40],"determine":[43],"whether":[44],"there":[45],"evidence":[47],"that":[48,135,182],"researchers":[49,138,183,198,233],"changed":[50,184],"their":[51],"submission":[52,59,88,99,125,146,159,168,185,194,207,238],"strategies":[53,186,208],"because":[54],"differential":[56],"inequities":[57],"categories.":[60,195],"METHOD:":[61],"authors":[63,133,174],"performed":[64],"an":[65],"14,263":[68],"biomedical":[69],"proposals":[71],"with":[72],"proposed":[73],"start":[74],"dates":[75],"2010-2022":[77],"from":[78,112,199],"University":[80,211],"Michigan":[82,213],"Medical":[83,214],"School,":[84],"measuring":[85],"for":[92,179,257],"each":[93,113],"racial/ethnic":[94,115,163,201],"group":[95,116,130,164],"4":[97],"possible":[98],"categories":[100,239],"(R01":[101],"&":[102,154],"Equivalent":[103,155],"programs,":[104],"other":[105,251],"federal,":[106],"industry,":[107],"non-profit).":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"Researchers":[111],"self-identified":[114],"(Asian,":[117],"Black/African":[118,136,229],"American,":[119],"Hispanic/Latino)":[120],"pursued":[121],"different":[123,200,205],"strategy":[126],"than":[127],"majority":[129],"(White).":[131],"found":[134],"American":[137,230],"experienced":[139],"negative":[140],"rate":[142,169,191],"differentials":[143],"all":[145,237],"categories,":[147],"which":[148],"resulted":[149],"in":[150,187],"lowest":[152],"R01":[153],"Other":[157],"Federal":[158],"any":[162],"highest":[167],"non-profit":[171],"sources.":[172],"did":[175],"not":[176],"find":[177],"support":[178],"hypothesis":[181],"response":[188],"inequalities":[192],"CONCLUSIONS:":[196],"Biomedical":[197],"groups":[202],"follow":[203],"markedly":[204],"within":[209],"School.":[215],"There":[216],"is":[217],"also":[218],"clear":[220],"award.":[228],"Asian":[232],"appear":[234],"disadvantaged":[235],"relative":[240],"White":[242],"researchers.":[243],"This":[244],"be":[247],"easily":[248],"replicated":[249],"by":[250],"academic":[252],"institutions,":[254],"revealing":[255],"opportunities":[256],"positive":[258],"intervention.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-07-02T00:00:00"}
