{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283753675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","title":"Evidence for the Role of State-Level Economic Policy in HIV Risk Reduction: State Earned Income Tax Credit Generosity and HIV Risk Behavior Among Single Mothers","display_name":"Evidence for the Role of State-Level Economic Policy in HIV Risk Reduction: State Earned Income Tax Credit Generosity and HIV Risk Behavior Among Single Mothers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283753675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35776251","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9852166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6142729","display_name":"AIDS and Behavior","issn_l":"1090-7165","issn":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005506653","display_name":"Kimberly Danae Cauley Narain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-1728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-1728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly Danae Cauley Narain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Advancement, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-1728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Advancement, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. KNarain@mednet.ucla.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023328449","display_name":"Nina T. Harawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-8393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-8393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52710748","display_name":"Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/038x2fh14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52710748"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Harawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA","Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52710748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005506653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":0.127,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40763186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"182","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.09570000320672989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earned-income-tax-credit","display_name":"Earned Income Tax Credit","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk-behavior","display_name":"HIV risk behavior","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mothers","display_name":"single mothers","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-educational-attainment","display_name":"low educational attainment","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"low socioeconomic status","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-tax-policy","display_name":"state tax policy","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women","display_name":"women","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779861158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549811","display_name":"Generosity","level":2,"score":0.8713940382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777281377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036463","display_name":"Earned income tax credit","level":3,"score":0.6879476308822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4892294406890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4644465744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4536837339401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549774020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Welfare economics","level":1,"score":0.4505314826965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43603941798210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4335895776748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3734787702560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35385000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.28208357095718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27203041315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22501075267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.13093969225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007183","descriptor_name":"Income Tax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040242","descriptor_name":"Risk Reduction Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6142729","display_name":"AIDS and Behavior","issn_l":"1090-7165","issn":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9852166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9852166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35776251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35776251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS and behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3420s1xw","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3420s1xw","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt3420s1xw/qt3420s1xw.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS and Behavior, vol 27, iss 1","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10461-022-03754-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6142729","display_name":"AIDS and Behavior","issn_l":"1090-7165","issn":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000860252","display_name":"Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services","funder_award_id":"P30MH058107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283753675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283753675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12017822","https://openalex.org/W84702748","https://openalex.org/W1964563657","https://openalex.org/W1976455180","https://openalex.org/W2040640479","https://openalex.org/W2106347182","https://openalex.org/W2134452151","https://openalex.org/W2139111980","https://openalex.org/W2168991419","https://openalex.org/W2467482127","https://openalex.org/W2607870207","https://openalex.org/W2746002591","https://openalex.org/W2803480592","https://openalex.org/W2921204121","https://openalex.org/W2973985440","https://openalex.org/W2980144577","https://openalex.org/W3004635952","https://openalex.org/W3037023131","https://openalex.org/W3040810259","https://openalex.org/W3094482454","https://openalex.org/W3123523873","https://openalex.org/W3194679235","https://openalex.org/W4205111703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2746002591","https://openalex.org/W3021961883","https://openalex.org/W3133527404","https://openalex.org/W3045400204","https://openalex.org/W2943740522","https://openalex.org/W2001331721","https://openalex.org/W2019423011","https://openalex.org/W2060116913","https://openalex.org/W3040810259","https://openalex.org/W1503392946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22,54,91],"investigated":[1],"the":[2,27,38,63,84,116,128],"impact":[3],"of":[4,40,62,130],"State-level":[5],"Earned":[6,65],"Income":[7,66],"Tax":[8,67],"Credit":[9,68],"(SEITC)":[10],"generosity":[11,101],"on":[12],"HIV":[13,82,113,131],"risk":[14,74,107],"behavior":[15,80,114],"among":[16,133],"single":[17,140],"mothers":[18],"with":[19,34,71,104,135],"low":[20,136],"education.":[21],"merged":[23],"individual-level":[24],"data":[25,36],"from":[26,37],"Behavioral":[28],"Risk":[29],"Factor":[30],"Surveillance":[31],"System":[32],"(2002-2018)":[33],"state-level":[35],"University":[39],"Kentucky":[41],"Center":[42],"for":[43,81],"Poverty":[44],"Research":[45],"and":[46],"conducted":[47],"a":[48,57,95],"multi-state,":[49],"multi-year":[50],"difference-in-differences":[51],"(DID)":[52],"analysis.":[53],"found":[55,93],"that":[56,94],"refundable":[58],"SEITC":[59,100,119],"\u2265":[60],"10%":[61],"Federal":[64],"was":[69,102],"associated":[70,103],"21%":[72],"relative":[73,87,106],"reduction":[75,108],"in":[76,83,99,109,115],"reporting":[77,110],"any":[78,111],"high-risk":[79,112],"last":[85,117],"year,":[86],"to":[88,126],"no":[89],"SEITC.":[90],"also":[92],"10-percentage":[96],"point":[97],"increase":[98],"38%":[105],"year.":[118],"policy":[120],"may":[121],"be":[122],"an":[123],"important":[124],"strategy":[125],"reduce":[127],"burden":[129],"infections":[132],"women":[134],"socioeconomic":[137],"status,":[138],"particularly":[139],"mothers.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-07-02T00:00:00"}