{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283586754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","title":"Sultan Abdulhamid II and the Mahdi of Sudan","display_name":"Sultan Abdulhamid II and the Mahdi of Sudan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283586754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2318024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232221","display_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","issn_l":"1309-9302","issn":["1309-9302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318364","host_organization_name":"Ordu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ordu University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2318024","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089054128","display_name":"Hasan BARLAK","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-5584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-5584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","display_name":"Sinop University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ah3r71","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hasan BARLAK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sinop \u00dcniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinop \u00dcniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089054128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67594185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13441","display_name":"Ottoman Empire History and Society","score":0.0649000033736229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdulhamid-ii","display_name":"Abd\u00fclhamid II","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ottoman-empire","display_name":"Ottoman Empire","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-imperialism","display_name":"British imperialism","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suakin","display_name":"Suakin","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hejaz","display_name":"Hejaz","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caliphate","display_name":"caliphate","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudanese-nationalism","display_name":"Sudanese nationalism","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131401","display_name":"Caliphate","level":3,"score":0.8754501342773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.6793864965438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.5838932991027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5767573118209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560","display_name":"Ottoman empire","level":3,"score":0.5743294954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.5734063982963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501832835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8680","display_name":"British Empire","level":3,"score":0.524009108543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.47344160079956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.43625494837760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.42129606008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3930628299713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31376075744628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.2903544306755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.23571643233299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09618517756462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09109148383140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2318024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232221","display_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","issn_l":"1309-9302","issn":["1309-9302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318364","host_organization_name":"Ordu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ordu University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/1089863","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/odusobiad/issue/71357/1089863","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/odusobiad/issue/71357/1089863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232221","display_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","issn_l":"1309-9302","issn":["1309-9302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318364","host_organization_name":"Ordu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ordu University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.sinop.edu.tr:11486/3231","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11486/3231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196687","display_name":"DSpace-Sinop (Sinop University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","host_organization_name":"Sinop University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089863","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2318024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232221","display_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","issn_l":"1309-9302","issn":["1309-9302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318364","host_organization_name":"Ordu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ordu University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OD\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi (OD\u00dcSOB\u0130AD)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283586754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283586754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576425931","https://openalex.org/W1514050011","https://openalex.org/W1530689086","https://openalex.org/W2050040140","https://openalex.org/W2082773915","https://openalex.org/W2135980239","https://openalex.org/W2142819898","https://openalex.org/W2172282453","https://openalex.org/W2973583398","https://openalex.org/W4298206652","https://openalex.org/W6600085749","https://openalex.org/W6635634182","https://openalex.org/W6831048001","https://openalex.org/W7032798252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942950560","https://openalex.org/W2621306718","https://openalex.org/W6992652455","https://openalex.org/W64610080","https://openalex.org/W1499908106","https://openalex.org/W1995977421","https://openalex.org/W4388335205","https://openalex.org/W4212888682","https://openalex.org/W4232692262","https://openalex.org/W1479726397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77,99,218],"Ottoman-Egyptian":[1],"administration":[2],"in":[3,17,25,31,89,115,118,150,160,173,195,268,276,291],"Sudan":[4,53,151,161,204,269],"received":[5],"a":[6,38,83,94,147,245],"serious":[7],"blow":[8],"from":[9,210],"the":[10,20,27,32,42,50,55,67,103,116,127,131,136,142,168,177,189,192,211,224,228,242,262,265,271,278,281,285,292],"Mahdist":[11],"rebellion":[12],"initiated":[13],"by":[14,75,231,241],"Muhammad":[15,62,274],"Ahmad":[16,63,233,275],"1881.":[18],"After":[19],"British":[21,29,97,143,243],"invasion":[22],"of":[23,52,66,181,191,264,273,280],"Egypt":[24,35],"1882,":[26],"increasing":[28,71],"influence":[30],"country":[33],"through":[34,152],"also":[36],"made":[37],"reinforcing":[39],"effect":[40],"on":[41,248],"Mahdi":[43,104,178,266,286],"movement.":[44],"Declaring":[45],"his":[46,59,72],"Mahdiship":[47],"and":[48,54,134,165,203,207,238,253,260,288],"associating":[49],"salvation":[51],"Islamic":[56],"world":[57],"with":[58,214],"own":[60],"struggle,":[61],"won":[64,220],"many":[65],"battles":[68],"he":[69,138],"fought,":[70],"popularity":[73],"day":[74],"day.":[76,217],"rebellion,":[78,287],"which":[79],"essentially":[80],"began":[81],"as":[82],"reaction":[84],"against":[85,96,223],"some":[86],"administrative":[87],"practices":[88],"Sudan,":[90],"eventually":[91],"turned":[92],"into":[93],"resistance":[95],"imperialism.":[98],"Ottoman":[100,212,254,282],"State":[101],"followed":[102],"movement":[105,128,267],"closely,":[106],"but":[107,227],"did":[108,139,198,234],"not":[109,140,199,235],"want":[110],"to":[111,145,171,175,185],"get":[112],"directly":[113],"involved":[114],"events":[117],"Sudan.":[119],"Although":[120],"Sultan":[121],"Abdulhamid":[122],"II":[123],"was":[124,239],"worried":[125],"that":[126,156],"would":[129,162,166],"cross":[130],"Red":[132],"Sea":[133],"reach":[135],"Hejaz,":[137],"accept":[141],"proposals":[144],"organize":[146],"joint":[148],"operation":[149],"Suakin.":[153],"He":[154],"thought":[155],"such":[157],"an":[158],"intervention":[159,290],"be":[163],"inappropriate":[164],"harm":[167],"caliphate.":[169],"According":[170],"him,":[172],"order":[174],"solve":[176],"problem,":[179],"first":[180],"all,":[182],"England":[183],"needed":[184],"leave":[186],"Egypt.":[187],"However,":[188],"attempts":[190],"Sublime":[193],"Porte":[194],"this":[196,257],"direction":[197],"yield":[200],"any":[201],"results,":[202],"moved":[205],"further":[206,208],"away":[209],"Empire":[213,283],"each":[215],"passing":[216],"Mahdists":[219],"significant":[221],"victories":[222],"Egyptian-British":[225],"soldiers,":[226],"state":[229],"founded":[230],"Mohammed":[232],"last":[236],"long":[237],"destroyed":[240],"after":[244],"while.":[246],"Drawing":[247],"Turkish,":[249],"Arabic,":[250],"English":[251],"sources":[252],"archival":[255],"documents,":[256],"essay":[258],"analysed":[259],"assessed":[261],"course":[263],"until":[270],"death":[272],"1885,":[277],"attitude":[279],"towards":[284],"Britain\u2019s":[289],"regional":[293],"events.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-06-28T00:00:00"}