{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283576280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","title":"Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field Melt Treatment on Grain Refinement of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni Alloy Direct-Chill Casting Billet","display_name":"Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field Melt Treatment on Grain Refinement of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni Alloy Direct-Chill Casting Billet","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283576280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met12071080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/7/1080/pdf?version=1656062160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/7/1080/pdf?version=1656062160","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyu Bao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109297297","display_name":"Yonglin Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonglin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088999012","display_name":"Shuqing Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-4511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-4511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuqing Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729208","display_name":"Yongzhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-1395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-1395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031994389","display_name":"Weiwei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8282-7193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8282-7193","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-4787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109297297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"fwci":1.3878,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79383653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"1080","last_page":"1080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11087","display_name":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11087","display_name":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10670","display_name":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","score":0.33180001378059387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13440","display_name":"Electromagnetic Effects on Materials","score":0.14949999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-al-dendrites","display_name":"alpha-Al dendrites","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleation","display_name":"nucleation","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-simulation","display_name":"electromagnetic simulation","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-energy","display_name":"magnetic energy","score":0.5640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.785304844379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.7388735413551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.7079476118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.6761374473571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.557220458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.530768096446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.49173715710639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2890278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256476","display_name":"Rotating magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.45589426159858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164369957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755092","display_name":"Melt flow index","level":4,"score":0.43329334259033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.27984291315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.14571359753608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/met12071080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/7/1080/pdf?version=1656062160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2a1aa956b1d4b6185a4e66614e1cf2a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2a1aa956b1d4b6185a4e66614e1cf2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Metals, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 1080 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met12071080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/7/1080/pdf?version=1656062160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7330316827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GG0096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283576280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283576280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W945456438","https://openalex.org/W1977077276","https://openalex.org/W1979847090","https://openalex.org/W2060230797","https://openalex.org/W2110085287","https://openalex.org/W2580826771","https://openalex.org/W2761863062","https://openalex.org/W2778113460","https://openalex.org/W2783515876","https://openalex.org/W2916923677","https://openalex.org/W2966832237","https://openalex.org/W2971621340","https://openalex.org/W2993585841","https://openalex.org/W2994415945","https://openalex.org/W2994521272","https://openalex.org/W3001220400","https://openalex.org/W3025586224","https://openalex.org/W3034933388","https://openalex.org/W3035265585","https://openalex.org/W3040647037","https://openalex.org/W3042629444","https://openalex.org/W3043459182","https://openalex.org/W3044413873","https://openalex.org/W3044798800","https://openalex.org/W3047542403","https://openalex.org/W3087471038","https://openalex.org/W3112377923","https://openalex.org/W3132452714","https://openalex.org/W3138910661","https://openalex.org/W3164721975","https://openalex.org/W3197328647","https://openalex.org/W4205740897","https://openalex.org/W4214624622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417478117","https://openalex.org/W4319786066","https://openalex.org/W2516465803","https://openalex.org/W4386850412","https://openalex.org/W2464878518","https://openalex.org/W7117198229","https://openalex.org/W2202703549","https://openalex.org/W2734711940","https://openalex.org/W2897021741","https://openalex.org/W2091761567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni":[0,23],"alloy":[1,24],"is":[2,29],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,22,53,68,87,105,159,181,220],"the":[6,32,35,51,54,63,69,79,88,91,99,103,106,114,120,126,133,140,148,152,160,163,171,175,182,190,200,221,226],"manufacture":[7],"of":[8,34,56,98,122,208],"high-performance":[9],"car":[10],"engine":[11],"parts.":[12],"Coarse,":[13],"dendritic":[14],"\u03b1-Al":[15,64,191,209],"and":[16,65,84,146,156,179,192,197,210,217],"large":[17],"primary":[18,66,193,211],"Si":[19,67,194,212],"are":[20],"common":[21],"DC":[25,58],"casting":[26,59],"billet,":[27],"which":[28,143,169],"harmful":[30],"to":[31,50,61,77,125,132,174,225],"performance":[33],"final":[36],"product.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"a":[41,57],"pulsed":[42,92,115,164,201],"magnetic":[43,93,100,116,141,165,202],"field":[44,83,86,94,117,166,203],"melt":[45,52,89,107,118,161,167,183,204],"treatment":[46],"technique":[47],"was":[48,75,108,129,213],"applied":[49],"launder":[55],"platform":[60],"modify":[62],"billet.":[70],"A":[71],"transient":[72],"numerical":[73],"model":[74],"established":[76],"analyze":[78],"electromagnetic":[80],"field,":[81],"flow":[82,153],"temperature":[85,157],"during":[90,113,162],"treatment.":[95,205],"The":[96,185,206],"effect":[97],"energy":[101],"on":[102],"clusters":[104,123,172],"analyzed.":[109],"We":[110],"found":[111],"that":[112,189],"treatment,":[119,168],"number":[121],"close":[124,173],"critical":[127,176],"size":[128,177,207],"increased":[130],"due":[131],"cluster":[134],"formation":[135],"work":[136],"being":[137],"reduced":[138,214],"by":[139,215],"energy,":[142],"facilitated":[144],"nucleation":[145],"refined":[147],"solidification":[149],"structure.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"velocity":[154],"increased,":[155],"homogenized":[158],"benefitted":[170],"distributed":[178],"maintained":[180],"uniformly.":[184],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"were":[195],"small":[196],"homogeneous":[198],"following":[199],"25.6\u201344.4%":[216],"32.2\u201354.1%,":[218],"respectively,":[219],"billet":[222],"center":[223],"compared":[224],"conventional":[227],"process.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-28T00:00:00"}
