{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283574283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Concrete Damage and Pore Characteristics under Salt-Freezing Cycles","display_name":"Experimental Evaluation of the Concrete Damage and Pore Characteristics under Salt-Freezing Cycles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283574283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35806578","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9267169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15134454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4454/pdf?version=1656060255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4454/pdf?version=1656060255","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077526670","display_name":"Jiguo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-0090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-0090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103627","display_name":"BaiCheng Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01djkf495","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103627"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiguo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-0090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641102","display_name":"Guihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-7073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-7073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103627","display_name":"BaiCheng Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01djkf495","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103627"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103627"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649107","display_name":"Jun Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-5114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-5114","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0110-7043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-5114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077526670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103627"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"fwci":1.3758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76924725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"13","first_page":"4454","last_page":"4454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.7372999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.7372999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12152","display_name":"Concrete Properties and Behavior","score":0.09719999879598618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-damage","display_name":"concrete damage","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-crystallization","display_name":"salt crystallization","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength-loss","display_name":"compressive strength loss","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-loss","display_name":"mass loss","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-elastic-modulus","display_name":"dynamic modulus of elasticity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-microstructure","display_name":"concrete microstructure","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-volume","display_name":"pore volume","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-cracking","display_name":"internal cracks","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spalling","display_name":"spalling","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saline-soils","display_name":"saline soils","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-field-nmr","display_name":"low-field NMR","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-correlation-degree","display_name":"grey correlation degree","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.8049296140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.737934410572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5775483846664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5672208070755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5074612498283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85787439","display_name":"Softening","level":2,"score":0.47937753796577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64355373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024411","display_name":"Spall","level":2,"score":0.43787842988967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125388846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325808","display_name":"Ice crystals","level":2,"score":0.4243735671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15134454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4454/pdf?version=1656060255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35806578","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35806578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9267169","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9267169/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15134454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4454/pdf?version=1656060255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05782e512"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283574283.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283574283.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004941641","https://openalex.org/W2051910570","https://openalex.org/W2300114404","https://openalex.org/W2387281706","https://openalex.org/W2621864263","https://openalex.org/W2884291510","https://openalex.org/W2975890754","https://openalex.org/W3196641153","https://openalex.org/W3216648187","https://openalex.org/W4200547741","https://openalex.org/W4224317303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283272307","https://openalex.org/W2380500849","https://openalex.org/W7138871405","https://openalex.org/W4412435763","https://openalex.org/W3045599027","https://openalex.org/W4391179085","https://openalex.org/W7163917779","https://openalex.org/W3210575074","https://openalex.org/W3169987085","https://openalex.org/W7128475433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"solutions":[0,209],"are":[1,53,210],"separately":[2],"produced,":[3],"according":[4],"to":[5,11,26,55,109,237],"the":[6,17,28,57,60,73,116,121,129,140,145,158,167,173,183,189,193,196,217],"characteristics":[7,19],"of":[8,62,131,136,148,177,199],"saline":[9],"soil,":[10],"conduct":[12],"an":[13],"experimental":[14],"study":[15],"on":[16],"concrete":[18,63,97,126,141,164,200,238],"during":[20],"quick":[21],"salt":[22,66,105,132,149,208,234],"freezing":[23],"cycles,":[24],"and":[25,36,49,80,92,118,153,192],"analyse":[27],"changes":[29,156,171,184,194,224],"in":[30,59,75,102,107,115,120,125,139,157,163,172,185,188,195,204],"its":[31],"compressive":[32,76,122,197],"strength,":[33,77],"mass":[34],"loss,":[35],"dynamic":[37],"elastic":[38],"modulus":[39],"(DEM)":[40],"under":[41,65,99,144,202],"freeze-thaw":[42,67],"cycles.":[43],"Low-field":[44],"nuclear":[45],"magnetic":[46],"resonance":[47],"(NMR)":[48],"scanning":[50],"electronic":[51],"microscopy":[52],"used":[54,227],"investigate":[56],"change":[58],"microstructure":[61],"specimens":[64,98,201],"cycles":[68],"(FTCs).":[69],"The":[70,134,155,179],"results":[71],"show":[72],"loss":[74],"mass,":[78],"DEM,":[79,117],"NMR":[81],"spectrum":[82,191],"signal":[83],"increased":[84],"by":[85],"1.5-3":[86],"times,":[87,89,91,94],"3-5":[88],"1.5-2.5":[90],"2-4":[93],"respectively,":[95],"for":[96,233],"50-100":[100],"FTCs":[101,203],"6.8%":[103],"composite":[104],"solution,":[106],"comparison":[108],"fresh":[110],"water.":[111],"Apparent":[112],"spalling,":[113],"decreases":[114],"reductions":[119],"strength":[123,198],"occur":[124],"when":[127],"increasing":[128],"number":[130,135],"FTCs.":[133],"internal":[137,159],"cracks":[138],"structure":[142],"increase":[143],"combined":[146],"action":[147],"crystallization,":[150],"moisture":[151],"absorption,":[152],"freeze-thaw.":[154],"microscopic":[160],"pore":[161],"volume":[162],"structures":[165],"exhibit":[166],"same":[168],"trend":[169],"with":[170],"macro":[174],"mechanical":[175],"properties":[176],"concrete.":[178],"correlation":[180,219],"coefficients":[181],"between":[182],"each":[186],"peak":[187],"NUR":[190],"freshwater":[205],"or":[206],"low-concentration":[207],"both":[211],"larger":[212],"than":[213],"0.7,":[214],"calculated":[215],"using":[216],"grey":[218],"degree":[220],"method.":[221],"Therefore,":[222],"these":[223],"could":[225],"be":[226],"as":[228],"a":[229],"potential":[230],"evaluation":[231],"index":[232],"frozen":[235],"damage":[236],"structures.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-06-28T00:00:00"}
