{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283385987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","title":"Long-Term Evolution of Rainfall and Its Consequences on Water Resources: Application to the Watershed of the Kara River (Northern Togo)","display_name":"Long-Term Evolution of Rainfall and Its Consequences on Water Resources: Application to the Watershed of the Kara River (Northern Togo)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283385987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14121976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/12/1976/pdf?version=1655811235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/12/1976/pdf?version=1655811235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065491619","display_name":"Mozimw\u00e8 Ani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3456-5745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3456-5745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4287427","display_name":"University of Lom\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00wc07928","country_code":"TG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009033","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude sur les G\u00e9omat\u00e9riaux et ENvironnements Anthropis\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/04rje0916","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96226040","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne","ror":"https://ror.org/03hypw319","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}],"countries":["FR","TG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mozimw\u00e8 Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie, University of Lom\u00e9, Bvd Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyadema, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo","GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie, University of Lom\u00e9, Bvd Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyadema, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073855952","display_name":"Jessy Jaunat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-4079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-4079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009033","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude sur les G\u00e9omat\u00e9riaux et ENvironnements Anthropis\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/04rje0916","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96226040","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne","ror":"https://ror.org/03hypw319","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessy Jaunat","raw_affiliation_strings":["GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-4079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113396431","display_name":"B\u00e9atrice Marin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-2963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-2963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009033","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude sur les G\u00e9omat\u00e9riaux et ENvironnements Anthropis\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/04rje0916","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96226040","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne","ror":"https://ror.org/03hypw319","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e9atrice Marin","raw_affiliation_strings":["GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006578608","display_name":"Marie Barel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009033","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude sur les G\u00e9omat\u00e9riaux et ENvironnements Anthropis\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/04rje0916","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96226040","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne","ror":"https://ror.org/03hypw319","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Barel","raw_affiliation_strings":["GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEGENAA-EA 3795, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042994730","display_name":"Kissao Gnandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6307-2234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6307-2234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4287427","display_name":"University of Lom\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00wc07928","country_code":"TG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}],"countries":["TG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kissao Gnandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie, University of Lom\u00e9, Bvd Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyadema, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie, University of Lom\u00e9, Bvd Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyadema, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073855952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009033","https://openalex.org/I96226040"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"apc_paid":{"value":2131,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2298},"fwci":0.3695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.484741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"1976","last_page":"1976"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-balance","display_name":"water balance","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-recharge","display_name":"groundwater recharge","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer-drainage","display_name":"aquifer drainage","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseflow","display_name":"baseflow","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought","display_name":"drought","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-rainfall-trends","display_name":"long-term precipitation trends","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-rainfall-variability","display_name":"spatiotemporal rainfall variability","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources-management","display_name":"water resources management","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.7958221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.7298290133476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.7240414023399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6973392963409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.6522901058197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.6301138401031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5954688787460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776740192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4866395","display_name":"Base flow","level":3,"score":0.5173429846763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.47059333324432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4360729455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.43455222249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.4327414631843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.37873977422714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.20952937006950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18422642350196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18241867423057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10336112976074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.05504053831100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14121976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/12/1976/pdf?version=1655811235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03700298v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://univ-reims.hal.science/hal-03700298v1/file/water-14-01976.pdf","pdf_url":"https://univ-reims.hal.science/hal-03700298v1/file/water-14-01976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Water, 2022, 14 (12), pp.1976. ⟨10.3390/w14121976⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99fd122ca52646b187c039cb878e41df","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99fd122ca52646b187c039cb878e41df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Water, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 1976 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14121976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121976","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/12/1976/pdf?version=1655811235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323942","display_name":"Campus France","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtce741"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283385987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283385987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61432675","https://openalex.org/W218107072","https://openalex.org/W1492429614","https://openalex.org/W1510839586","https://openalex.org/W1548337852","https://openalex.org/W1847002112","https://openalex.org/W1963958340","https://openalex.org/W1969974566","https://openalex.org/W1970362870","https://openalex.org/W1984828310","https://openalex.org/W1999226998","https://openalex.org/W2002115844","https://openalex.org/W2003979757","https://openalex.org/W2010158219","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2033241926","https://openalex.org/W2033267094","https://openalex.org/W2049827129","https://openalex.org/W2053605206","https://openalex.org/W2077147975","https://openalex.org/W2092139626","https://openalex.org/W2096587563","https://openalex.org/W2107218992","https://openalex.org/W2130708878","https://openalex.org/W2139471801","https://openalex.org/W2145638041","https://openalex.org/W2154213539","https://openalex.org/W2169216003","https://openalex.org/W2172679793","https://openalex.org/W2240324948","https://openalex.org/W2307234171","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2329420046","https://openalex.org/W2344168066","https://openalex.org/W2734776574","https://openalex.org/W2736158652","https://openalex.org/W2745740963","https://openalex.org/W2755104221","https://openalex.org/W2759494403","https://openalex.org/W2775571446","https://openalex.org/W2794020383","https://openalex.org/W2796034401","https://openalex.org/W2893958886","https://openalex.org/W2905135056","https://openalex.org/W2906928338","https://openalex.org/W2931888002","https://openalex.org/W2970523490","https://openalex.org/W2991768695","https://openalex.org/W3004543977","https://openalex.org/W3005732602","https://openalex.org/W3006130559","https://openalex.org/W3035377474","https://openalex.org/W3035931617","https://openalex.org/W3107979986","https://openalex.org/W3139119182","https://openalex.org/W3153953609","https://openalex.org/W3168000925","https://openalex.org/W3180530212","https://openalex.org/W3199041434","https://openalex.org/W3200312907","https://openalex.org/W3204485231","https://openalex.org/W3211689518","https://openalex.org/W4224212668","https://openalex.org/W4238589358","https://openalex.org/W4298343804","https://openalex.org/W4312312284","https://openalex.org/W6637253042","https://openalex.org/W6844170434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7073785118","https://openalex.org/W2565195184","https://openalex.org/W2049978239","https://openalex.org/W2755104221","https://openalex.org/W6959751082","https://openalex.org/W4388227481","https://openalex.org/W2512582341","https://openalex.org/W3142559427","https://openalex.org/W6894075317","https://openalex.org/W7098399036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,75,112],"Kara":[1],"River":[2],"watershed":[3,31,126],"(KRW),":[4],"northern":[5],"Togo,":[6],"is":[7],"facing":[8],"climate-change":[9],"impacts":[10],"that":[11],"have":[12],"never":[13],"been":[14],"clearly":[15],"characterized.":[16],"Six":[17],"decades":[18,110],"of":[19,64,81,86,97,118,121,177,184],"rainfall":[20,66,119],"data":[21],"(1961\u20132020)":[22],"from":[23,40,155],"six":[24,109],"measuring":[25,162],"stations":[26,42],"ideally":[27],"distributed":[28],"across":[29],"the":[30,48,59,65,82,87,95,108,125,138,141,146,150,161,182],"were":[32,50,55],"used":[33],"in":[34,44,188],"this":[35],"study.":[36],"flow":[38,102,153],"records":[39],"two":[41],"situated":[43],"contrasting":[45,115],"locations":[46],"on":[47,100,104,160],"KRW":[49],"also":[51],"used.":[52],"Statistical":[53],"tests":[54],"conducted":[56],"to":[57,68,148,157,191],"assess":[58],"spatial":[60],"and":[61,67,79,85,103,132,175],"temporal":[62],"variability":[63,117],"detect":[69],"tendencies":[70],"within":[71],"these":[72],"meteorological":[73],"series.":[74],"water":[76,142,172,185],"balance":[77],"method":[78],"calculation":[80],"dry-off":[83],"coefficient":[84],"groundwater":[88,105],"volume":[89,143],"drained":[90,144],"by":[91,145],"rivers":[92],"allowed":[93],"evaluating":[94],"impact":[96],"climatic":[98],"evolution":[99],"surface":[101],"volumes":[106],"during":[107],"studied.":[111],"results":[113,165],"showed":[114],"spatiotemporal":[116],"(and":[120],"aquifer":[122,147],"recharge)":[123],"over":[124],"with":[127],"a":[128,167],"decreasing":[129],"tendency":[130],"upstream":[131],"an":[133],"increasing":[134],"one":[135],"downstream.":[136],"At":[137],"same":[139],"time,":[140],"sustain":[149],"river\u2019s":[151],"base":[152],"decreased":[154],"\u221222%":[156],"\u221236%":[158],"depending":[159],"station.":[163],"These":[164],"constitute":[166],"decision-making":[168],"tool":[169],"for":[170,180],"Togolese":[171],"resource":[173],"managers":[174],"are":[176],"primary":[178],"importance":[179],"characterizing":[181],"fate":[183],"resources":[186],"worldwide":[187],"regions":[189],"subject":[190],"severe":[192],"droughts.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-06-25T00:00:00"}